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16s RNA in Metagenomic Analysis

16s RNA in Metagenomic Analysis

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DEDICATION

This research material, titled “16s RNA in Metagenomic Analysis” is dedicated to God for His boundless grace and guidance. It is also a tribute to all computer enthusiasts whose contributions made my research journey smoother and enriched my documentation process, making the experience truly fulfilling.



ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am profoundly grateful to everyone who contributed to the successful completion of this project. I am especially grateful to my Supervisor (Name), the Head of Department (Name), and the Lecturers in the Department of Biochemistry for their invaluable guidance and support. I also acknowledge the contributions of authors and scholars whose works on 16s RNA in Metagenomic Analysis provided essential insights. Special thanks go to my study area (and any funding organizations, if applicable) for their financial assistance. I am equally thankful to stakeholders, including mentors, teachers, and colleagues, for their encouragement and support. Finally, I deeply appreciate my family and friends for their patience and unwavering support throughout this journey. Your contributions have been instrumental in making this research a reality.



TABLE OF CONTENTS

PRELIMINARY PAGES

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

    CHAPTER TWO

    LITERATURE REVIEW

    • 2.1 Introduction
    • ⋮

    CHAPTER THREE

    MATERIALS AND METHODS

    • 3.1 Introduction
    • ⋮

    CHAPTER FOUR

    RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

    • 4.1 Introduction
    • 4.2 Results
    • ⋮
    • 4.3 Discussion of Findings

    CHAPTER FIVE

    SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

    • 5.1 Introduction
    • 5.2 Summary
    • 5.3 Conclusion
    • 5.4 Recommendation

    REFERENCES


    ABSTRACT

    Metagenomics is study of collective genomes of microorganisms. By using metagenomics, genomic analysis of microorganisms will be performed by direct extraction and cloning of DNA from an assemblage of microorganisms, collected from various types of environment such as soil, river, feces and marine. The aim of the study is to examine the 16s RNA in Metagenomic Analysis. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to perform genomic analysis of microorganisms in water, assess rapidly the environmental health condition and status in the future application, evaluate the sequence of information in assessing river water quality and study water quality can widen our perspective in assessing pollution level of the river. In total 24 isolates which are consisted of 18 isolates from polluted rivers and six from unpolluted one, were sequenced. Along these sequences, six of 16S rRNA sequences of colliform bacteria obtained from genebank were placed in Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs). Phenetic analysis revealed that the river water used in this study were classified into two groups, representing the polluted and unpolluted. Since the tree can clearly distinct unpolluted river water from that of polluted one, we tried to develop a putative sequences motif for both condition. In practical purpose, the sequences motif can be used to screen river water quality in certain river water environment. This study will be of immense benefit to micro biologist, and other researchers who intend to know more on this study and can also be used by non-researchers to build more on their research work. This study contributes to knowledge and could serve as a guide for other study.


    16s RNA in Metagenomic Analysis

    CHAPTER ONE

    1.1 Introduction

    Metagenomics, or also known as environmental genomics, is study of collective genomes of microorganisms. By using metagenomics, we are able to perform genomic analysis of microorganisms by direct extraction and cloning of DNA from an assemblage of microorganisms, collected from various types of environment such as soil, river, feces and marine (Handelsman, 2004; Bhuiyan et al., 2011). The recent development of molecular biology designed to access this wealth of genetic information through environmental nucleic acid extraction has provided a means of avoiding the limitations of culture-dependent genetic exploitation (Cowan et al., 2005).

    As a prelude to other parts of this study, this chapter will discuss the background upon which this study was initiated, the statement of problems that led to this study, the Aim and Objectives of the study. Others are Significance of the study, Scope of work, Research hypothesis and questions, Limitations of the Study and Definition of technical terms.

    …

    CHAPTER TWO

    2.0 Literature Review

    2.1 Introduction

    This chapter focuses on the review of related literature. A literature review includes the current knowledge as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topic. It documents the state of the art with respect to the topic you are writing. It surveys the literature in the topic selected. In this research work the literature review includes the conceputal review, theoretical framework, the review of related literature …

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    Defense Procedure for Biochemistry Researchers

    In preparation for defending a project or seminar on 16s RNA in Metagenomic Analysis, it is imperative that as a nursing student, you demonstrate comprehensive knowledge of your research. The defense process is structured to include presenting your work, answering questions, and illustrating its pertinence. Initially, provide a succinct yet thorough introduction to your research topic, emphasizing its importance and the objectives, ensuring that both the audience and the External Examiner can understand the scope of your study.

    Prior to your defense, be thoroughly acquainted with your research abstract and the critical elements of Chapter One, including motivation for embarking on this research, problem statement, objectives, and significance. In Chapter Two, be ready to cite at least two references from the literature review. For Chapter Three, you should be equipped to discuss the methodologies, tools, and techniques utilized. In Chapter Four, defend your research by justifying the findings and linking them to your research objectives.

    Conclude your defense by succinctly summarizing the study and offering insightful, evidence-based recommendations. A professional dress code, such as wearing a suit and tie, is vital to create a favorable impression and elevate your presentation.

    During the question and answer segment, the External Examiner may pose questions pertaining to your research. If confronted with a challenging or irrelevant question, respond diplomatically with, “Sorry, Sir/Madam, the question asked is beyond the scope of my study.” Whenever possible, direct your answers back to your research findings to reinforce your expertise.

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