1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background of Study
Discourse analysis as a field of study has evolved significantly, with its roots in linguistics, philosophy, and sociology (Fairclough, 1992). It emerged as a critical tool for examining how language constructs social realities and reflects power relations. The application of discourse analysis to literature allows for an in-depth exploration of how texts challenge or reinforce societal ideologies (Gee, 2014).
Naira Has No Gender by Oluobafemi is a contemporary literary work that engages with economic discourse, particularly in relation to gender. The poem contributes to an ongoing conversation about financial inclusivity and social justice, echoing themes explored in feminist economics and gender studies (Kabeer, 2015). While the exact historical context of the poem's publication is not widely documented, its thematic concerns align with global discussions on gender equity in financial systems, which gained prominence in the late 20th and early 21st centuries (Sen, 1999).
Language plays a fundamental role in shaping perceptions, ideologies, and social structures (Gee, 2014). Discourse analysis, as a methodological approach, explores how language constructs meaning within social contexts, revealing the power dynamics embedded in communication (Fairclough, 1992). Literature, particularly poetry, serves as a powerful medium for expressing socio-political realities, including issues of gender, economy, and equity.
According to Kabeer (2015), Naira Has No Gender by Oluobafemi is a thought-provoking poem that challenges traditional gender roles and economic inequalities. The poem's central argument is that money, as a medium of exchange, does not discriminate based on gender; rather, societal structures and cultural perceptions influence financial power dynamics (Kabeer, 2015). Discourse analysis is the study of language use in context, focusing on how meaning is constructed through communication (Gee, 2014). It examines linguistic structures, social interactions, and the underlying ideologies that shape discourse. According to Fairclough (1992), discourse analysis is not just about language but also about the relationship between language and society, revealing power dynamics and social constructs.
The relevance of Naira Has No Gender is rooted in Nigeria's socio-economic landscape, where financial independence and access to economic opportunities remain gendered issues (Akinola, 2018). The poem Naira Has No Gender by Oluobafemi serves as a critical discourse on economic equity and gender neutrality in financial transactions. By analyzing its linguistic choices, thematic concerns, and socio-political implications, this study explores how the poet constructs meaning and challenges existing gender narratives in economic discourse. The poem's title itself suggests an argument for financial inclusivity, reinforcing the notion that currency is impartial to gender, yet societal structures often dictate otherwise. Through a discourse analysis approach, this research aims to uncover how language is used to challenge gender biases in economic contexts, emphasizing the interplay between linguistic expression and societal realities.
1.2 Statement of Problems
Investigation revealed that language is a powerful tool in shaping perceptions, reinforcing ideologies, and challenging societal norms (Fairclough, 1992). In economic discourse, gender biases are often embedded in linguistic structures, influencing how financial power and opportunities are distributed (Gee, 2014). Despite ongoing advocacy for gender equality, financial systems still reflect deeply rooted inequalities that limit access to economic resources based on gender (Kabeer, 2015).
Furthermore, Naira Has No Gender by Oluobafemi presents a critical reflection on these issues, using poetic discourse to challenge the notion that financial opportunities are inherently gendered. However, the problem arises in how effectively language is used to dismantle these biases. There is a need to analyze whether the poem successfully constructs an argument that reshapes economic discourse or if societal structures still reinforce financial inequalities despite the poet's claims. It is against the backdrop that this study seeks to address these problems by exploring how linguistic choices in the poem either reinforce or challenge these realities, providing insights into the power of literary discourse in shaping societal perceptions of gender and economics.
1.3 Aim and Objectives of Study
The aim of this study is to analyze the discourse strategies employed in Naira Has No Gender by Oluobafemi to examine how language constructs, reinforces, or challenges gender perceptions in economic discourse. The objectives of this study are:
- To identify the linguistic and rhetorical devices used in the poem to convey the theme of financial inclusivity.
- To examine how the poem challenges or reinforces gender biases in economic discourse.
- To explore the socio-economic implications of the poem's message on gender and financial equity.
- To assess the effectiveness of discourse analysis in understanding the intersection of language, gender, and economy in literary texts.
- To contribute to the broader discussion on gender neutrality and financial justice through the lens of literary discourse.
1.5 Research Questions
The study came up with research questions so as to be able to ascertain the above stated objectives. The specific research questions for the study are stated below as follows:
- What linguistic and rhetorical devices are used in Naira Has No Gender to convey the theme of financial inclusivity?
- How does the poem challenge or reinforce gender biases in economic discourse?
- What are the socio-economic implications of the poem's message on gender and financial equity?
- How effective is discourse analysis in understanding the intersection of language, gender, and economy in literary texts?
- In what ways does the poem contribute to the broader discussion on gender neutrality and financial justice?
1.6 Significance of Study
The outcome of this research will contribute to existing scholarship on gender and economic justice by offering a literary perspective on financial discourse. It will also serve as a valuable resource for scholars, linguists, and students interested in discourse analysis, gender studies, and African literature.
Furthermore, the study will further demonstrate how poetry serves as a medium for social commentary, encouraging discussions on financial justice and the need for more inclusive economic policies.
Lastly, academics and researchers will benefit from this study as it will contribute to the growing body of knowledge on discourse analysis, gender studies, and economic linguistics, offering a fresh perspective on how literature can shape financial discourse.
1.7 Scope of Study
This study focuses on a discourse analysis of Naira Has No Gender by Oluobafemi, examining how the poem uses language to challenge or reinforce gender perceptions in economic discourse. The analysis will be contextualized within Nigeria's financial landscape, with particular reference to the policies and initiatives of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) regarding financial inclusion and gender equity.
The study will explore how the poem aligns with or critiques existing financial structures, especially in relation to gender-neutral access to economic opportunities. It will also examine how literary discourse can influence financial policies and public attitudes towards economic participation.
1.8 Limitations of the Study
This study was limited by the availability of scholarly literature on Naira Has No Gender, as there were few existing academic analyses on the poem. The interpretation of the poem was also subject to linguistic and contextual variations, which may have influenced the depth of the discourse analysis.
Frequent power failure and unstable internet access in some research locations were challenges that affected the pace of data collection and analysis. Additionally, time constraints were a factor, as the study required extensive engagement with discourse theories and financial discourse frameworks within a limited period.
1.9 Definition of Terms
Discourse Analysis:
Discourse analysis is the study of language use in texts, conversations, and other communicative contexts to understand how meaning is constructed and interpreted (Gee, 2014). In this study, it refers to the examination of Naira Has No Gender to explore how language influences perceptions of gender and economic power.
Gender Discourse:
Gender discourse refers to the ways language constructs and reinforces ideas about gender roles and identities (Eckert & McConnell-Ginet, 2013). In the context of this study, it examines how Naira Has No Gender challenges or supports gender norms in financial discussions.
Economic Inclusivity:
Economic inclusivity is the principle that all individuals, regardless of gender, should have equal access to financial resources, opportunities, and decision-making processes (World Bank, 2020). This study analyzes how the poem advocates for financial inclusivity by rejecting gender-based economic discrimination.
Naira:
The Naira is the official currency of Nigeria, symbolizing the country's economic system and financial power (Central Bank of Nigeria, 2022). In Naira Has No Gender, the Naira is used metaphorically to discuss issues of equality and access in Nigeria's financial landscape.
Linguistic Representation:
Linguistic representation refers to how language portrays individuals, groups, or concepts, shaping societal perceptions (Fairclough, 1995). This study examines how Oluobafemi's poem uses linguistic choices to convey ideas about gender and money.
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