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Activities of Cytochrome Oxidase in the Rat Liver of Normal and Protein Undernourished Rats Fed with Diet Containing Cassava Peel

Activities of Cytochrome Oxidase in the Rat Liver of Normal and Protein Undernourished Rats Fed with Diet Containing Cassava Peel

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DEDICATION

This research material, titled “Activities of Cytochrome Oxidase in the Rat Liver of Normal and Protein Undernourished Rats Fed with Diet Containing Cassava Peel” is dedicated to God for His boundless grace and guidance. It is also a tribute to all computer enthusiasts whose contributions made my research journey smoother and enriched my documentation process, making the experience truly fulfilling.



ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am profoundly grateful to everyone who contributed to the successful completion of this project. I am especially grateful to my Supervisor (Name), the Head of Department (Name), and the Lecturers in the Department of Biochemistry for their invaluable guidance and support. I also acknowledge the contributions of authors and scholars whose works on Activities of Cytochrome Oxidase in the Rat Liver of Normal and Protein Undernourished Rats Fed with Diet Containing Cassava Peel provided essential insights. Special thanks go to my study area (and any funding organizations, if applicable) for their financial assistance. I am equally thankful to stakeholders, including mentors, teachers, and colleagues, for their encouragement and support. Finally, I deeply appreciate my family and friends for their patience and unwavering support throughout this journey. Your contributions have been instrumental in making this research a reality.



TABLE OF CONTENTS

PRELIMINARY PAGES

CHAPTER ONE

  • 1.0 Introduction
  • 1.1 Aim of Study

CHAPTER TWO

  • 2.0 Literature review
  • 2.1 Cassava peel
  • 2.2 Cyanide
  • 2.3 Respiratory Electron Transport Chain
  • 2.3.1 The sequence of electron transport chain
  • 2.3.2 Mitochondria
  • 2.4 Cytochrome oxidase
  • 2.5 Protein undernutrition
  • 2.6 Liver
  • 2.6.1 Synthesis
  • 2.6.2 Liver disease and blood supply

CHAPTER THREE

  • 3.0 Materials and Methods
  • 3.1 Materials
  • 3.1.1 Chemicals and reagents
  • 3.2 Methods
  • 3.2.1 Animal managements
  • 3.2.2 Feed composition
  • 3.2.3 Body weight determination
  • 3.2.4 Animal sacrifice
  • 3.2.5 Isolation of mitochondria
  • 3.3 Determination of complex IV (Cytochrome oxidase activity
  • 3.4 Protein determination

CHAPTER FOUR

  • 4.0 Results

CHAPTER FIVE

  • 5.0 Discussion and Conclusion
  • 5.1 Discussion
  • 5.2 Conclusion

REFERENCES

APPENDIX


ABSTRACT

The study was carried out to investigate the activities respiratory complex IV in the liver of normal and protein undernourished wistar rats fed with cassava peel. Twenty weaning male rats were grouped into four groups, five rats for each. Group A were fed with normal diets, Group B were fed with low protein diets containing 5% casein, Group C were fed with normal diets and coconut oil and Group D were fed with low protein diet and coconut oil. After feeding for a period of six weeks, the rats were sacrificed using cervical dislocation. The liver was harvested and homogenized in iced cold buffer and centrifuged at 4000rpm for 15 minutes. The pellets were discarded and the supernatant was stored.

It was observed from this study that consumption of low protein diets significantly reduced the activities of cytochrome oxidase in the rat liver when compared to normal diet. However, the activities of cytochrome oxidase were significantly reduced in the rat liver when the rats were fed with normal and cassava peel diets compared to normal diet only. Also, low protein and cassava peel diets significantly reduced the activities of cytochrome oxidase in the rat liver when compared to normal diet.

It was observed from this study that in the rat liver, the activities of cytochrome oxidase was significantly increased when the rats were fed with normal and cassava peel diets compared to low protein diet only. However, when the rats were fed with low protein diet and cassava peel, the diets significantly increased the activities of cytochrome oxidase compared to both normal and cassava peel and low protein diet only. This study shows that consumption of cassava peel significantly reduced the level of normal diets while it significantly increased the level of low protein diets.


Activities of Cytochrome Oxidase in the Rat Liver of Normal and Protein Undernourished Rats Fed with Diet Containing Cassava Peel

CHAPTER ONE

1.1 Introduction

… As a prelude to other parts of this study, this chapter will discuss the background upon which this study was initiated, the statement of problems that led to this study, the Aim and Objectives of the study. Others are Significance of the study, Scope of work, Research hypothesis and questions, Limitation of the study and Definition of technical terms.…

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature Review

2.1 Introduction

This chapter focuses on the review of related literature. A literature review includes the current knowledge as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topic. It documents the state of the art with respect to the topic you are writing. It surveys the literature in the topic selected. In this research work the literature review includes the conceputal review, theoretical framework, the review of related literature …

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