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Activities of Na+ K+-Atpase in the Liver of Normal and Protein Undernourished Rats Fed with Diet Containing Coconut Oil

Activities of Na+ K+-Atpase in the Liver of Normal and Protein Undernourished Rats Fed with Diet Containing Coconut Oil

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DEDICATION

This research material, titled “Activities of Na+ K+-Atpase in the Liver of Normal and Protein Undernourished Rats Fed with Diet Containing Coconut Oil” is dedicated to God for His boundless grace and guidance. It is also a tribute to all computer enthusiasts whose contributions made my research journey smoother and enriched my documentation process, making the experience truly fulfilling.



ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am profoundly grateful to everyone who contributed to the successful completion of this project. I am especially grateful to my Supervisor (Name), the Head of Department (Name), and the Lecturers in the Department of Biochemistry for their invaluable guidance and support. I also acknowledge the contributions of authors and scholars whose works on Activities of Na+ K+-Atpase in the Liver of Normal and Protein Undernourished Rats Fed with Diet Containing Coconut Oil provided essential insights. Special thanks go to my study area (and any funding organizations, if applicable) for their financial assistance. I am equally thankful to stakeholders, including mentors, teachers, and colleagues, for their encouragement and support. Finally, I deeply appreciate my family and friends for their patience and unwavering support throughout this journey. Your contributions have been instrumental in making this research a reality.



TABLE OF CONTENTS

PRELIMINARY PAGES

CHAPTER ONE

  • 1.0 Introduction
  • 1.1 Aim of Study

CHAPTER TWO

  • 2.0 Literature review
  • 2.1 Coconut oil
  • 2.1.1 Health benefits
  • 2.2 Polysaturated fatty acid
  • 2.3 Respiratory Electron Transport Chain
  • 2.4 Sodium-Potassium ATPase (Na+— K+ATPase)
  • 2.5 Mitochondria
  • 2.6 Protein Undernutrition
  • 2.6.1 Mild and moderate malnutrition
  • 2.7 Liver
  • 2.7.1 Synthesis
  • 2.7.2 Liver disease
  • 2.7.3 Fetal blood supply

CHAPTER THREE

  • 3.0 Materials and Methods
  • 3.1 Materials
  • 3.1.1 Chemicals and reagents
  • 3.2 Methods
  • 3.2.1 Animal managements
  • 3.2.2 Feed composition
  • 3.2.3 Body weight determination
  • 3.2.4 Animal sacrifice
  • 3.2.5 Determination of parameters
  • 3.3 Determination of synaptosomal Na+-K+ ATPase activity
  • 3.4 Protein determination

CHAPTER FOUR

  • 4.0 Results

CHAPTER FIVE

  • 5.0 Discussion, Conclusion and Recommendation
  • 5.1 Discussion
  • 5.2 Conclusion
  • 5.3 Recommendation

REFERENCES

APPENDIX


ABSTRACT

The attempt of this study is to investigate the activities of sodium-potassium ATPase in the liver of normal and protein undernourished male weaning rats fed with diets containing coconut oil. Twenty weaning male rats were grouped into four groups, five rats for each. Group A were fed with normal diets, Group B were fed with low protein diets containing 5% casein, Group C were fed with normal diets and coconut oil and Group D were fed with low protein diet and coconut oil. After feeding for a period of six weeks, the rats were sacrificed using cervical dislocation. The liver was harvested and homogenized in iced cold buffer and centrifuged at 4000rpm for 15 minutes. The pellets were discarded and the supernatant was stored.

The result of this study shows that activities of activities of sodium-potassium ATPase in the rat liver were significantly reduced when fed with normal with coconut oil diets compared to normal diets only. However, it was observed that the activities of sodium-potassium ATPase in the rat liver were significantly increased when fed with low protein diets compared to normal diets only. The activities of sodium-potassium ATPase in the rat liver when fed with low protein and coconut oil remain constant against the normal diet, as there was no reaction occurring after a successful evaluation of the results. This result indicates that coconut oil inhibited the activity of sodium-potassium ATPase in the rat liver


Activities of Na+ K+-Atpase in the Liver of Normal and Protein Undernourished Rats Fed with Diet Containing Coconut Oil

CHAPTER ONE

1.1 Introduction

… As a prelude to other parts of this study, this chapter will discuss the background upon which this study was initiated, the statement of problems that led to this study, the Aim and Objectives of the study. Others are Significance of the study, Scope of work, Research hypothesis and questions, Limitation of the study and Definition of technical terms.…

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature Review

2.1 Introduction

This chapter focuses on the review of related literature. A literature review includes the current knowledge as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topic. It documents the state of the art with respect to the topic you are writing. It surveys the literature in the topic selected. In this research work the literature review includes the conceputal review, theoretical framework, the review of related literature …

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