Introduction
This chapter discusses the introductory part of this dissertation, which includes the background to the study, problem statements and research motivation, the research aim and objectives, research methodology, contribution to knowledge and finally the organization of the rest of the dissertation.
1.1 Background to the Study
Recently, people exchange information using the existing communication technologies such as the internet and huge volume of data transfer takes place via the plethora of services offered by the web. This information can be very sensitive and need to be protected against any attacker who tries to intercept them during the transmission stage. According to Ratnakirti et al., (2013), data over internet may be stolen, intercepted, illegally modified or even destroyed by an adversary resulting in intellectual property rights infringement, data loss, data leakage and data damage. Transmitting top secret information cannot be solely relied on the existing communication channels because the technologies are vulnerable to attacks Osama, (2005) and exchanged information can be detected relatively easily. Therefore, it is vital to protect the privacy and confidentiality of top secret message during its transit through the internet. To preserve the privacy and confidentiality of important data over the internet it must be provided with a metaphorical envelope such that its contents are revealed only to the intended receiver Ratnakirti et al., (2013) without arousing suspicions. Data hiding techniques such as steganography precisely aim at performing this task.
The steganography technique has been used many years ago to convey secret messages. For instance, Greek historian Herodotus was the first to document the usage of steganography to send messages (Aubrey, 1996). A slave was sent by his master to deliver a secret message tattooed on his scalp. After the message was tattooed, the slave waited until his hair grew back and concealed the message. The most popular steganographic methods between the 13th and 16th century involved written text. One method used a mask, a paper with holes, shared between the sender and recipient. The mask was simply put over the text and the message was revealed. Francis Bacon realized that two different fonts for each letter can be applied to embed binary representations of messages. Holub, (2014), stated that ”•Brewster devised a very original technique in 1857, which was later used in several wars”–.
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