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Analysis of Microrganisms from Plant Growth Promoting Rhizosphere (PGPR) Soil

Analysis of Microrganisms from Plant Growth Promoting Rhizosphere (PGPR) Soil

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DEDICATION

This research material, titled “Analysis of Microrganisms from Plant Growth Promoting Rhizosphere (PGPR) Soil” is dedicated to God for His boundless grace and guidance. It is also a tribute to all computer enthusiasts whose contributions made my research journey smoother and enriched my documentation process, making the experience truly fulfilling.



ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am profoundly grateful to everyone who contributed to the successful completion of this project. I am especially grateful to my Supervisor (Name), the Head of Department (Name), and the Lecturers in the Department of Biochemistry for their invaluable guidance and support. I also acknowledge the contributions of authors and scholars whose works on Analysis of Microrganisms from Plant Growth Promoting Rhizosphere (PGPR) Soil provided essential insights. Special thanks go to my study area (and any funding organizations, if applicable) for their financial assistance. I am equally thankful to stakeholders, including mentors, teachers, and colleagues, for their encouragement and support. Finally, I deeply appreciate my family and friends for their patience and unwavering support throughout this journey. Your contributions have been instrumental in making this research a reality.



TABLE OF CONTENTS

PRELIMINARY PAGES

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

    CHAPTER TWO

    LITERATURE REVIEW

    • 2.1 Introduction
    • ⋮

    CHAPTER THREE

    MATERIALS AND METHODS

    • 3.1 Introduction
    • ⋮

    CHAPTER FOUR

    RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

    • 4.1 Introduction
    • 4.2 Results
    • ⋮
    • 4.3 Discussion of Findings

    CHAPTER FIVE

    SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

    • 5.1 Introduction
    • 5.2 Summary
    • 5.3 Conclusion
    • 5.4 Recommendation

    REFERENCES


    ABSTRACT

    The study analyzes of Microorganisms from Plant Growth Promoting Rhizosphere (PGPR) Soil. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out as follows to identify the Plant microorganism promoting Rhizosphere (PGPR) Soil and evaluate the mode of action of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizosphere as biofertilizers. Rhizospheric soils of crop plants have more flora and fauna due to availability of more organic compound, macronutrient and micronutrient. Rhizobacteria that exert beneficial effects on plant growth and development are referred to as Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR). Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria is a group of free living soil bacteria, which have ability to promote growth and yield of crop plant by direct and indirect mechanism. PGPR is generally two type, one is colonies inside plant cells that called intracellular PGPR and other colonies out side plant in rhizosphere that called extracellular PGPR. One of the significant challenges encountered during the development of a biofertilizer and the commercialization of an effective PGPR strain is its shelf life. Biofertilizers with a short shelf life carry the risk of recycling if they are not used or sold before expiry resulting in a net monetary loss to the marketing agency. The indirect mechanism of plant growth occurs when PGPR lessen or prevent the deleterious effects of plant pathogens on plants by production of inhibitory substances or by increasing the natural resistance of the host. The search for PGPR and investigation of their mode of action are increasing at a rapid use as commercial biofertilizers. The mode of action and practical application of PGPR in crop production are the major focus of this review. This study will be of immense benefit to researchers who intend to know more on this study and can also be used by non-researchers to build more on their research work.


    Analysis of Microrganisms from Plant Growth Promoting Rhizosphere (PGPR) Soil

    CHAPTER ONE

    1.1 Introduction

    Bacteria able to colonize plant root systems and promote plant growth are referred to as Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) (Kloepper and Schroth, 1978). PGPR can affect plant growth either indirectly or directly; indirect promotion of plant growth occurs when PGPR lessen or prevent the deleterious effects of one or more phytopathogenic organisms; while direct promotion of plant growth by PGPR involves either providing plants with a compound synthesized by the bacterium or facilitating the uptake of certain nutrients from the environment (Glick, 1995). Thus, in the broadest sense, PGPR include the N2-fixing rhizobacteria that colonize the rhizosphere, providing N to plants, including the rhizobia of the well-characterized legume-rhizobia symbiosis. Regardless of the mechanisms of plant growth promotion, PGPR must colonize the rhizosphere around the roots, the rhizoplane (root surface) or the root itself (within root tissues) (Glick, 1995).

    As a prelude to other parts of this study, this chapter will discuss the background upon which this study was initiated, the statement of problems that led to this study, the Aim and Objectives of the study. Others are Significance of the study, Scope of work, Limitations of the Study and Definition of technical terms.

    …

    CHAPTER TWO

    2.0 Literature Review

    2.1 Introduction

    This chapter focuses on the review of related literature. A literature review includes the current knowledge as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topic. It documents the state of the art with respect to the topic you are writing. It surveys the literature in the topic selected. In this research work the literature review includes the conceputal review, theoretical framework, the review of related literature …

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