1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background of Study
In the 1980s and 1990s, the advent of digital media and the internet began to reshape the landscape of political socialization. Studies from this period explored how exposure to new media influenced students' perceptions of democracy and political engagement (Loader, 2007). The rise of social media platforms in the early 2000s further transformed these dynamics, as digital spaces became primary venues for political discourse and civic participation (Papacharissi, 2010). Recent research continues to examine the impact of digital media and online interactions on democratic values among youth. Scholars have explored how these platforms both facilitate and hinder democratic engagement, reflecting broader trends in political communication and public opinion (Boulianne, 2015).
Educational institutions play a significant role in cultivating democratic attitudes among students. Research indicates that universities not only provide formal education but also act as arenas for political socialization, where students develop their views on governance, civic responsibility, and social justice (Mannheim, 1952). The curriculum, extracurricular activities, and interactions with peers and faculty contribute to shaping students' perspectives on democratic values (Wang & Eccles, 2012).
Undergraduate youth refers to young adults who are currently enrolled in an undergraduate program in a higher education institution. These individuals are typically aged between 18 and 25 (United Nations, 2020). Democratic values are fundamental to the functioning of modern societies, promoting principles of equality, freedom, and participation (Dahl, 1989). in the context of higher education, understanding the attitudes of undergraduate students towards these values is crucial, as they are future leaders and decision-makers. This demographic represents a critical phase where individuals solidify their political and social beliefs (Kahne & Westheimer, 2006). Recent studies indicate that the attitudes of youth towards democratic values are influenced by various factors including educational experiences, social interactions, and exposure to political ideologies (Smith, 2018).
The advent of digital media has further influenced these attitudes. Social media platforms, in particular, have become pivotal in political discourse, often shaping how students engage with and understand democratic principles (Loader, 2007). This interaction can either reinforce or challenge traditional democratic values, depending on the nature and content of the online interactions (Papacharissi, 2010). Therefore, in Nigeria where the research was carried out, the activities that was conducted is to know the attitude of undergraduate youth towards democratic value.
1.2 Statement of Problems
Investigation revealed that the variation in political engagement and democratic values among students from different backgrounds. Factors such as socioeconomic status, cultural diversity, and prior political socialization play a role in shaping attitudes but are often not fully accounted for in existing research (Easton & Hess, 1962). This variability can obscure broader trends and hinder the development of targeted interventions.
Furthermore, there is limited longitudinal research tracking changes in democratic attitudes over time. Without long-term studies, it is challenging to assess how students' attitudes evolve throughout their undergraduate years and what factors contribute to these changes (Boulianne, 2015). This lack of longitudinal data makes it difficult to draw conclusions about the lasting impact of university experiences on democratic values. It is against the backdrop that this study seeks to address these problems by evaluating the attitude of undergraduate youth towards democratic value.
1.3 Aim and Objectives of Study
The aim of the study is to investigate the attitude of undergraduate youth towards democratic value. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out as follows:
- To assess the overall attitude of undergraduate students towards democratic values, including their understanding and commitment to democratic principles.
- To identify the impact of educational institutions on shaping students' perceptions of democracy and democratic participation.
- To evaluate the role of digital media and social platforms in influencing students' attitudes towards democratic values.
- To explore how demographic factors such as socioeconomic status, cultural background, and political socialization affect students' democratic attitudes.
- To examine the relationship between students' political engagement and their attitudes towards democratic values.
- To provide recommendations for educational policies and practices aimed at fostering positive democratic attitudes among undergraduate youth.
1.4 Research Questions
The study came up with research questions so as to be able to ascertain the above stated objectives. The specific research questions for the study are stated below as follows:
- Are there factors that affect students' democratic attitudes?
- Does the role of digital media and social platforms influence students' attitudes towards democratic values?
- What is the attitude of undergraduate students towards democratic values, including their understanding and commitment to democratic principles?
- What is the relationship between students' political engagement and their attitudes towards democratic values?
- What is the impact of educational institutions on shaping students' perceptions of democracy and democratic participation?
1.5 Research Hypothesis
In order to pursue the objective of this study, the following generalized statements have been designed to guide and aids in obtaining the result for the experiment to be conducted. For this work, the null hypothesis will be represented with H0 while the alternative hypothesis will be represented with hypothesis H1.
- H01: There is a significant relationship between undergraduate youth's level of education and their attitude towards democratic values.
- H02: The attitude of undergraduate youth towards democratic values is influenced by their socio-economic background.
1.6 Significance of Study
The findings will offer valuable insights for educational institutions to enhance curricula that promote democratic values among undergraduates. They will aid policymakers in crafting strategies to engage youth in democratic processes effectively.
Additionally, the results will support researchers in exploring the impact of youth attitudes on democratic participation.
Furthermore, the study will provide non-governmental organizations with data to develop programs that foster civic responsibility. It will help parents understand the importance of nurturing democratic values at home.
1.7 Scope of Study
The scope of the research is focused on the attitude of undergraduate youth towards democratic value using Suleja Local Government Area of Niger State as a case study.
1.8 Limitations of the Study
The study was limited by several factors. Insufficient data was a challenge, as not all respondents provided complete information. Frequent power failure in the research area disrupted the data collection process, causing delays in analysis.
Additionally, some respondents delayed in providing their feedback, further prolonging the research timeline. Financial constraints also affected the ability to reach a larger sample size, and time constraints limited the scope of the study.
1.9 Definition of Terms
Attitude:
Attitude refers to the psychological tendency expressed by evaluating a particular entity with some degree of favor or disfavor (Eagly & Chaiken, 1993). In this study, attitude refers to how undergraduate youth perceive and respond to democratic values.
Democratic Value:
Democratic values include principles such as freedom, equality, justice, and participation in the political process (Dahl, 1989). For this research, it is defined as the values that promote active and informed engagement in a democratic system.
Undergraduate Youth:
Undergraduate youth refers to young adults who are currently enrolled in an undergraduate program in a higher education institution. These individuals are typically aged between 18 and 25 (United Nations, 2020).
Democracy:
Democracy is a system of government where power is vested in the people, who rule either directly or through freely elected representatives (Schumpeter, 1942). In this context, democracy is examined based on how students understand and support its principles.
Civic Engagement:
Civic engagement refers to the active participation of individuals in public life and activities that contribute to the democratic process (Putnam, 2000). In this study, it focuses on the level of involvement of undergraduate youth in democratic activities and discussions.
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