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PRELIMINARY PAGES
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
- 1.1 Introduction
- 1.2 Background …
- ⋮
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
CHAPTER THREE
MATERIALS AND METHODS
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Results
- ⋮
- 4.3 Discussion of Findings
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Summary
- 5.3 Conclusion
- 5.4 Recommendation
REFERENCES
Mosquito borne disease is a major public health problem globally, particularly the tropics being the major spot in the spread of malaria. The development of resistance to chemical insecticides has necessitated the research and development of natural mosquito repellent. The aim of this study is to extract, characterize and test the larvicidal activity of essential oil, produce mosquito repellent using the essential oil as its active ingredient and study the bioefficacy of the produced repellent on mosquito. 200g of Ocimum basilicum was extracted by soxhlet extraction method using n-hexane as solvent and percentage yield of the extract was calculated and found to be 12.85%.
The essential oil extracted was characterized using FTIR and GC-MS. Production of mosquito repellent, larvicidal activity of essential oil and bioefficacy study of mosquito repellent were conducted. The FTIR spectral indicated the presence of C=O, C=C, C-H and O-H functional groups. GC-MS study showed 12 prominent peaks with retention time of 5.756, 5.914, 10.486, 16.871,17.947, 19.883, 19.974, 20.807, 21.020, 21.231, 21.712 and 22.008 indicating the presence of twelve phyto-constituents namely: 2,4-pentadienoic acid, butanedioic acid hydroxyl-dimetyl ester, pentanedioic acid 3-oxo-dimethyl ester, palmitic acid methyl ester, stearic acid, 13-tetradece-11-yn-1-ol, 9-octadecenoic acid methyl ester, 9-octadecenoic acid (Z), hexadecanoic acid, 9,12-octadecadien-1-ol (Z,Z), 9,12-octadecadienoic acid methyl ester and E-9-tetradecenoic acid.
The essential oil showed larvicidal activity on Anopheles mosquito larva at concentration of 3ml/L, 4ml/L and 5ml/L. The mosquito repellent produced showed increasing repellent efficacy against adult Anopheles mosquitoes with increasing concentration of the essential oil. Hence it was concluded that Ocimum basilicum has a good efficacy as a repellent to Anopheles mosquitoes when used as active ingredient. The FTIR spectral reveal the presence of functional groups present in the essential oil which correlates with phyto-constituent identified by GC-MS characterization, with 9-octadecenoic (14.62%) having the highest % composition.
1.1 Introduction
… As a prelude to other parts of this study, this chapter will discuss the background upon which this study was initiated, the statement of problems that led to this study, the Aim and Objectives of the study. Others are Significance of the study, Scope of work, Research hypothesis and questions, Limitation of the study and Definition of technical terms.…
This chapter focuses on the review of related literature. A literature review includes the current knowledge as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topic. It documents the state of the art with respect to the topic you are writing. It surveys the literature in the topic selected. In this research work the literature review includes the conceputal review, theoretical framework, the review of related literature …
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