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Climate Change

Climate Change

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DEDICATION

This research material, titled “Climate Change” is dedicated to God for His boundless grace and guidance. It is also a tribute to all computer enthusiasts whose contributions made my research journey smoother and enriched my documentation process, making the experience truly fulfilling.



ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am profoundly grateful to everyone who contributed to the successful completion of this project. I am especially grateful to my Supervisor (Name), the Head of Department (Name), and the Lecturers in the Department of Science Laboratory Technology (SLT) for their invaluable guidance and support. I also acknowledge the contributions of authors and scholars whose works on Climate Change provided essential insights. Special thanks go to my study area (and any funding organizations, if applicable) for their financial assistance. I am equally thankful to stakeholders, including mentors, teachers, and colleagues, for their encouragement and support. Finally, I deeply appreciate my family and friends for their patience and unwavering support throughout this journey. Your contributions have been instrumental in making this research a reality.



TABLE OF CONTENTS

PRELIMINARY PAGES

CHAPTER ONE

  • 1.0 Terminology

CHAPTER TWO

  • 2.0 Causes
  • 2.1 Internal forcing mechanisms
  • 2.1.1 Ocean atmosphere variability
  • 2.1.2 Life
  • 2.2 External forcing mechanisms
  • 2.2.1 Orbital variations
  • 2.2.2 Solar output
  • 2.2.3 Volcanism
  • 2.2.4 Plate tectonics
  • 2.2.5 Haman influences

Chapter There

  • 3.0 Physical evidence
  • 3.1 Temperature measurements and proxies
  • 3.2 Histories and archaeological evidence
  • 3.3 Glaciers
  • 3.4 Arctic sea ice loss
  • 3.5 Vegetation
  • 3.5.1 Forest genetic resources
  • 3.6 Pollen analysis
  • 3.7 Cloud cover and precipitation
  • 3.8 Dendroclimatology
  • 3.9 Ice cores
  • 3.10 Animals
  • 3.11 Sea level change
  • Conclusion
  • Recommendations

REFERENCES


ABSTRACT

Climate Change is a change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns when that change lasts for an extended period of time (i.e. decades to millions of years). Climate Change may refer to a change in average weather conditions, or in the variation of weather around longer-term average condition (i.e. more or fewer extreme weather events).

Climate Change is caused by factors such as biotic processes, variations in solar radiation received by earth, plate tectonics, and volcanic eruptions. Certain human activities have been identified as primary causes of ongoing Climate Change, often refers to as global warming. Scientists actively work to understand past and future climate by using observations and theoretical models.

A climate record-extending deep into the earth's past-has been assembled, and continues to be built up, based on geological evidence from borehole temperature profiles, cores removed from deep accumulation of ice, floral and faunal records, glacial and per glacial processes, stable-isotope and other analyses of sediment layers and records of past sea levels.

More recent data are provided by the instrumental record. General circulation models, based on the physical sciences are often used in theoretical approaches to match past climate, data, make future projections and link causes and effects in Climate Change.


Climate Change

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 Terminology

The most general definition of climate change in the statistical properties (principally is mean and spread) of the climate system when considered over long period of time, regardless of cause. Accordingly fluctuations over periods shorter than a few decades, such as El Nino, do not represent climate change.

The term “climate change” is often used to refer specially to anthropogenic climate change (also known as global warming). Anthropogenic climate change is caused by human activity as opposed to changes in climate that may have resulted as party earth's natural processes.

In this sense, especially in the context of environmental policy, the term climate change has become synonymous with anthropogenic global warning. Within scientific journals, global warming refers to surface temperature increase while climate change includes global warming and everything else that increasing greenhouse gas level affected.

A related term is “climate change”. In 1966, the world meteorological organization (WMO) proposed the term “climate change” to encompass all forms of climatic variability on time-scales longer than 10 years, regardless of cause. Change was a given and climate was used as an adjective to describe this kind of change (as opposed to political or economic change).

When it was realized that human activities had a potential to drastically alter the climate, the term climate change replaced climate change as the dominant term to reflect an anthropogenic cause. Climate change was incorporated in the title of the intergovernmental panel on climate change (IPCC) and the UN framework. Convention on climate change (UNFCCC). Climate change, used as a noun, became an issue rather than the technical description of changing weather.

…

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature Review

2.1 Introduction

This chapter focuses on the review of related literature. A literature review includes the current knowledge as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topic. It documents the state of the art with respect to the topic you are writing. It surveys the literature in the topic selected. In this research work the literature review includes the conceputal review, theoretical framework, the review of related literature …

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Defense Procedure for Science Laboratory Technology Researchers

In preparation for defending a project or seminar on Climate Change, it is imperative that as a nursing student, you demonstrate comprehensive knowledge of your research. The defense process is structured to include presenting your work, answering questions, and illustrating its pertinence. Initially, provide a succinct yet thorough introduction to your research topic, emphasizing its importance and the objectives, ensuring that both the audience and the External Examiner can understand the scope of your study.

Prior to your defense, be thoroughly acquainted with your research abstract and the critical elements of Chapter One, including motivation for embarking on this research, problem statement, objectives, and significance. In Chapter Two, be ready to cite at least two references from the literature review. For Chapter Three, you should be equipped to discuss the methodologies, tools, and techniques utilized. In Chapter Four, defend your research by justifying the findings and linking them to your research objectives.

Conclude your defense by succinctly summarizing the study and offering insightful, evidence-based recommendations. A professional dress code, such as wearing a suit and tie, is vital to create a favorable impression and elevate your presentation.

During the question and answer segment, the External Examiner may pose questions pertaining to your research. If confronted with a challenging or irrelevant question, respond diplomatically with, “Sorry, Sir/Madam, the question asked is beyond the scope of my study.” Whenever possible, direct your answers back to your research findings to reinforce your expertise.

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