1.0 Introduction
The term “merger” refers to the integration of two companies where one new company will continue to exist. The term “acquisition” refers to the acquisition of assets by one company from another company. In an acquisition, both companies may continue to exist. The Nigerian banking industry has witnessed a dramatic transformation since the December 31st, 2005 deadline for bank recapitalization. Overall, the banking sector has experienced steady consolidation through recapitalization, mergers and acquisitions that have resulted in fewer banks holding a greater value of the total assets in the sector (Okpanachi, 2011). The waves of mergers and acquisitions that had taken place in the Nigerian banking industry raise an important question of whether bank consolidation enhances the financial sector’s performance in Nigeria.
As a prelude to other parts of this study, this chapter will discuss the background upon which this study was initiated, the statement of problems that led to this study, the Aim and Objectives of the study. Others are Significance of the study, Scope of work, Research hypothesis and questions, Limitation of the study and Definition of technical terms.
1.1 Background Of The Study
Mergers and acquisition is the most favoured or best financial means all over the world of saving companies from serious financial distress. Mergers would give such companies another hope to start all over again under a new management system or structure which must be very organized and has the financial resources to commence and continue the company. However, when we say merger, it implies the combination, joining or the fusion of two or more formerly independent companies into one organization or company with a common ownership and management without the coming together of these companies a merger cannot exist. That is, it is the liquidation of one company that leads to the coming together of these companies known as merging.
According to Abraham, He says in all human activities, there is usually success and failure business including banks is therefore no exception. In period of loan as were experienced in the mid seventies thrived in an abundance and squander mania. In such an era savings and investments are at their peak level conditions favorable for bank to flourish and grow.
During this period also, banks do not think means survive and substance. They were all interested in building state of the art corporate edifies to enhance their image and giving out loans indiscriminately without adequate realizable securities.
On the other hand, when the lay days are over and down turns take over the orders the days arrive and banks failure become the order of the day as a result of adverse macro- economic conditions. The situation as at now attained a dimension that can best be described as “cries” level in the banking sector which became characterized by default in loan repayment,, dis-saving and massive fraud of management level.
1.2 Statement Of The Problem
Investigation revealed that every private and public enterprise in Nigeria have their accounting departments and there are increasing cases of financial mismanagement in usually all the public and private organization in Nigeria.
Also the problem of this study lies on how the manager of the enterprises are able to recognize the role of accounting in their sectors so that these case of improper accountability will be minimized.
1.3 Aim and Objectives Of The Study
The main aim of this project is to examine the impact of Merger and Procurement as a Financial Decision to Bank Efficiency in the Nigerian Economy. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out as follows:
- To enable the banks that lack general managerial ability to obtain it from other banks.
- To highlight among others the following nature of merger and procurement.
1.4 Research Questions
The study came up with research questions so as to be able to ascertain the above stated objectives. The specific research questions for the study are stated below as follows:
- Can consolidation and acquisition increase the confidence Nigeria deposit have in Nigeria banks?
- Does consolidation and acquisition have any significant reduction in unsystematic risks after a business combination?
- Has consolation and acquisition achieve diversification of investment portfolio?
- Is consolidation and acquisition in financial option to the productivity in banking industry in Nigeria economy?
1.5 Significance Of The Study
This study is of immense importance to the chief executive of banks, shareholders, employers and regulatory authorities, prospective investors in the financial sector and more.
The studies also help public especially the depositor to know the banks that are sound so as to understand distress.
The investor in the industry will also know where to direct or re-direct their investment for optimum return on their investments.
1.6 Scope Of The Study
Since the consolidation and acquisition cause in Nigerian banking industries, the study will be limited to three of the acquisition.
- Universal Trust Bank PLC by union bank of Nigeria Plc equity Nigeria banks limited by international bank Magnum Trust Bank by Guarantee Trust Bank on the consolidation part, this research will draw its data from bank consolidation in Nigeria.
- Platinum Bank of Nigeria by Habibi Bank of Nigeria, United Bank of African by Standard Trust Bank of Nigeria.
1.7 Limitation Of The Study
During the course of this study, many things militated against its completion, some of which are:
- Time Constraint:
The time frame given to accomplish this project was very short due to school academic calendar and it was carried out under pressure which made the researcher not to implement some necessary features.
- Establishment Policies:
Establishment policies posed a serious limitation as most staffs are not ready to release information needed for this research work. There were lots of information needed from the staffs of this establishment to enhance the study which took them time to release or they did not release at all for security purposes, hence the scope was reduced.
- Financial Constraint:
Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (internet, questionnaire and interview).
- Lack of Initial Cooperation from Respondents:
A particular limitation of this work came as a result of the respondent refusal to offer their cooperation at the initial time they were contacted. This contributed in making the success of this research study difficult.
1.8 Definition Of Terms
Merger:
It is the fusion of two or more existing companies to become one of the existing companies.
Acquisition:
It refers to the outright purchase of one company of a controlling interest in the share capital of another company.
Take- Over -Bid:
A take-over-bid is one whereby an offer is made to all the shareholders in any class of share, to buy share reasonable to gain fully or /partial control of the company.
Partial Merger:
It is a merger carried out for the purpose of pooling sales or orders or for sharing of net profit such consolidation are temporary
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