1.0 Introduction
According to Muru, In all human activities there are usually success and failure. Businesses, including banks are therefore no exception. In the period of loan as were experienced in the mid seventies thrived in an era of abundance and squander mamia. In such an era savings and investment are at their level-conditions favorable for banks to flourish and grow.
During this period also, banks do not think of means of survival and sustenance. They were all interested in building state of the art corporate entities to enhance their image and giving out loans indiscriminating without adequate realizable securities. On the other hand, when the lay daTa are over and down turns take over, the orders of the day as a result of macro-economic condition.
The situation as at now attained a dimension that can best be described as “cries level in the banking sector which became characterized by default in loan payment, dis saving and massive fraud at management level.
As a prelude to other parts of this study, this chapter will discuss the background upon which this study was initiated, the statement of problems that led to this study, the Aim and Objectives of the study. Others are Significance of the study, Scope of work, Research hypothesis and questions, Limitation of the study and Definition of technical terms.
1.1 Background Of The Study
According to Abraham, He says in all human activities, there is usually success and failure business including banks is therefore no exception. In period of loan as were experienced in the mid seventies thrived in an abundance and squander mania. In such an era savings and investments are at their peak level conditions favorable for bank to flourish and grow.
During this period also, banks do not think means survive and substance. They were all interested in building state of the art corporate edifies to enhance their image and giving out loans indiscriminately without adequate realizable securities.
On the other hand, when the lay days are over and down turns take over the orders the days arrive and banks failure become the order of the day as a result of adverse macro- economic conditions. The situation as at now attained a dimension that can best be described as “cries” level in the banking sector which became characterized by default in loan repayment, dis-saving and massive fraud of management level.
1.2 Statement Of The Problem
Investigation revealed that every private and public enterprise in Nigeria have their accounting departments and there are increasing cases of financial mismanagement in usually all the public and private organization in Nigeria.
Also, the problem of this study lies on how the manager of the enterprises are able to recognize the role of accounting in their sectors so that these case of improper accountability will be minimized.
1.3 Objectives Of The Study
The main aim of this research is to show consolidation and acquisition as a financial option to the productivity in Nigeria banks, consolidation and acquisition will help to increase the value of the combined banks.
Also enable the banks that lack general managerial ability to obtain it from other banks.
The project shall highlight among others the following nature of consolidation and acquisition.
1.4 Research Questions
The study came up with research questions so as to be able to ascertain the above stated objectives. The specific research questions for the study are stated below as follows:
- These questions are asked by research in order to find answer to the research problem. The questions are as follows.
- Is consolidation and acquisition in financial option to the productivity in banking industry in Nigeria economy.
- Can consolidation and acquisition increase the confidence Nigeria deposit have in Nigeria banks.
- Does consolidation and acquisition have any significant reduction in unsystematic risks after a business combination?
- Has consolation and acquisition achieve diversification of investment portfolio.
1.5 Significance Of The Study
The following are significance of this research:
- This study is of immense importance to the chief executive of banks, shareholders, employers and regulatory authorities, prospective investors in the financial sector and more.
- Especial the financial analysis and consultant
- The studies also help public especially the depositor to know the banks that are sound so as to understand distress.
- The investor in the industry will also know where to direct or re-direct their investment for optimum return on their investments.
1.6 Scope Of The Study
Since the consolidation and acquisition cause in Nigerian banking industries, the study will be limited to three of the acquisition
- Universal Trust Bank PLC by union bank of Nigeria Plc equity Nigeria banks limited by international bank Magnum Trust Bank by Guarantee Trust Bank on the consolidation part, this research will draw its data from bank consolidation in Nigeria.
- Platinum Bank of Nigeria by Habibi Bank of Nigeria, United Bank of African by Standard Trust Bank of Nigeria.
1.7 Limitation Of The Study
During the course of this study, many things militated against its completion, some of which are:
- Time Constraint:
The time frame given to accomplish this project was very short due to school academic calendar and it was carried out under pressure which made the researcher not to implement some necessary features.
- Establishment Policies:
Establishment policies posed a serious limitation as most staffs are not ready to release information needed for this research work. There were lots of information needed from the staffs of this establishment to enhance the study which took them time to release or they did not release at all for security purposes, hence the scope was reduced.
- Financial Constraint:
Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (internet, questionnaire and interview).
- Lack of Initial Cooperation from Respondents:
A particular limitation of this work came as a result of the respondent refusal to offer their cooperation at the initial time they were contacted. This contributed in making the success of this research study difficult.
1.8 Definition Of Terms
Merger:
It is the fusion of two or more existing companies to become one of the existing companies.
Acquisition:
It refers to the outright purchase of one company of a controlling interest in the share capital of another company.
Take-Over-Bid:
A take-over-bid is one whereby an offer is made to all the shareholders in any class of share, to buy share reasonable to gain fully or /partial control of the company.
Partial Merger:
It is a merger carried out for the purpose of pooling sales or orders or for sharing of net profit such consolidation are temporary.
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