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Corruption and Victimization in Isidore Okpewhos Tides and Anthony Abaghas Children of Oloibiri

Corruption and Victimization in Isidore Okpewho's Tides and Anthony Abagha's Children of Oloibiri

Project / Seminar Material
Reference ID: PS-10471-TM

DEDICATION

This research material titled “Corruption and Victimization in Isidore Okpewho's Tides and Anthony Abagha's Children of Oloibiri” is dedicated to God for his enabling grace, and to all computer enthusiasts who contributed to make life a pleasant experience during my research documentation.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I extend my sincere gratitude to all those who contributed to the completion of this project. Special thanks to my Supervisor (Name of your Supervisor), the Head of Department (Name of your HOD), the Lecturers in the department of English Language, Book Authors and Profound Scholars of existing or related project material on “Corruption and Victimization in Isidore Okpewho's Tides and Anthony Abagha's Children of Oloibiri” for their invaluable guidance, support, and expertise throughout the journey.

I am also grateful to your study area (mention any funding organizations, if applicable) for their financial assistance. This research would not have been possible without the encouragement and assistance of some stakeholders (mention any mentors, teachers, or colleagues). Additionally, I would like to acknowledge the understanding and patience of my family and friends during this endeavor. Your unwavering support has been a constant source of motivation. Thank you all for being part of this meaningful endeavor.

ABSTRACT

The study was carried out to critically examine the corruption and victimization in isidore okpewho's tides and anthony abagha’s children of oloibiri. In their respective literary works, Isidore Okpewho and Anthony Abagha vividly depict the intertwined themes of corruption and victimization in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Through narratives that explore the abuse of power by political elites and the exploitation of natural resources by multinational corporations, both authors highlight the profound socio-economic and environmental impacts on local communities. Corruption is portrayed as a systemic issue that perpetuates economic disparity and environmental degradation, while victimization manifests through displacement, health hazards, and economic marginalization due to pollution and industrial activities. These narratives serve as poignant critiques of governance and corporate practices, advocating for greater accountability, transparency, and equitable development in resource-rich regions. By shedding light on the ethical dilemmas and human costs of resource extraction, Okpewho and Abagha invite readers to reconsider the social implications of economic activities and call for reforms that prioritize environmental stewardship and social justice in Nigeria and beyond.


Corruption and Victimization in Isidore Okpewho’s Tides and Anthony Abagha’s Children of Oloibiri

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 Introduction

1.1 Background of Study

The exploration of corruption and victimization in literary works provides profound insights into the socio-political fabric of societies. Isidore Okpewho's Tides and Anthony Abagha’s Children of Oloibiri are two such novels that vividly depict the pervasive impact of corruption and its ensuing victimization on communities, particularly within the context of Nigeria’s oil-rich regions. These works critically examine how corrupt practices by both local and international actors exacerbate the suffering of the inhabitants of the Niger Delta, transforming their environment into a site of ecological devastation and human exploitation.

In Tides, Okpewho delves into the intricate dynamics of corruption, portraying how the collusion between government officials and multinational oil corporations leads to the disenfranchisement of local communities. This systemic corruption not only strips the people of their rightful economic benefits but also subjects them to severe environmental degradation, leaving their lands uninhabitable and their waters polluted (Okpewho, 1993). The narrative underscores the multifaceted victimization faced by these communities, which is not limited to economic deprivation but extends to health hazards and cultural disintegration.

Similarly, in Children of Oloibiri, Abagha presents a harrowing account of the lives of children growing up in the shadow of oil exploitation. The novel highlights the dire consequences of corruption on the younger generation, depicting how their hopes and futures are marred by the greed and negligence of those in power (Abagha, 2004). Abagha’s work is a poignant reminder of the long-lasting impact of corruption, as it robs children of their innocence and potential, leaving them to navigate a world shaped by the failures and malpractices of their predecessors. Through their compelling narratives, both Okpewho and Abagha bring to light the relentless cycle of corruption and victimization that plagues the Niger Delta. Their works serve as powerful commentaries on the urgent need for accountability and justice in regions suffering from the exploitative practices associated with resource extraction. By focusing on the human cost of corruption, these authors not only tell the stories of their characters but also advocate for the broader cause of social and environmental justice in Nigeria.

The background of the study on corruption and victimization in Isidore Okpewho's Tides and Anthony Abagha’s Children of Oloibiri is rooted in the socio-political and environmental context of Nigeria’s Niger Delta region. This area, rich in oil reserves, has been a focal point for decades due to the exploitation of natural resources by multinational corporations in collaboration with local elites and government officials.

Isidore Okpewho’s Tides provides a fictional yet insightful portrayal of the detrimental effects of corruption and exploitation on local communities in the Niger Delta. The novel explores how corrupt practices, such as bribery, embezzlement, and environmental degradation, have led to the impoverishment and disenfranchisement of indigenous peoples (Okpewho, 1993). The background of the study emphasizes the systemic nature of corruption, highlighting its impact not only on economic stability but also on social cohesion and environmental sustainability.

Similarly, Anthony Abagha’s Children of Oloibiri delves into the lived experiences of individuals affected by the consequences of oil exploitation. The background of the study draws attention to the intergenerational cycle of victimization and injustice perpetuated by corrupt practices and inadequate governance. Abagha’s narrative underscores how corruption robs communities of their resources and opportunities, leaving them vulnerable to exploitation and marginalization (Abagha, 2004). Therefore, in Nigeria where the research was carried out, the activities that was conducted is to know the corruption and victimization in isidore okpewho's tides and anthony abagha’s children of oloibiri.


1.2 Statement of Problems

Investigation revealed that the exploration of corruption and victimization in Isidore Okpewho's Tides and Anthony Abagha’s Children of Oloibiri brings to light several critical issues within the context of Nigeria's Niger Delta: Scholars have pointed out the lack of effective governance and regulatory oversight as contributing factors to the rampant corruption and exploitation depicted in these novels (Osaghae, 2005).

This governance deficit exacerbates the economic disparities and environmental degradation experienced by local communities, as resources meant for development are often misappropriated or diverted (Okpewho, 1993; Abagha, 2004). Additionally, the novels highlight the systemic marginalization and socio-economic inequalities faced by indigenous populations, who bear the brunt of environmental pollution and inadequate social infrastructure (Osaghae, 2005). These issues underscore the urgent need for institutional reforms and accountable governance practices to address the root causes of corruption and alleviate the victimization experienced by vulnerable communities in resource-rich regions like the Niger Delta.


1.3 Aim and Objectives of Study

The aim of the study is to critically examine the corruption and victimization in isidore okpewho's tides and anthony abagha’s children of oloibiri. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out as follows:

  1. To analyze the portrayal of corruption in both novels, identifying the various forms of corrupt practices depicted and their impact on the characters and communities;
  2. To explore the socio-political commentary provided by Okpewho and Abagha through their narratives, and how their works reflect real-life issues in Nigeria;
  3. To evaluate the authors’ use of literary devices and narrative techniques in conveying the themes of corruption and victimization;
  4. To examine the theme of victimization, focusing on how individuals and communities are affected by the systemic corruption and exploitation in the Niger Delta; and
  5. To investigate the environmental degradation depicted in the novels and its correlation with actual environmental challenges in the Niger Delta due to oil exploitation.

1.4 Research Questions

The study came up with research questions so as to be able to ascertain the above stated objectives. The specific research questions for the study are stated below as follows:

  • How is corruption depicted in Isidore Okpewho’s Tides and Anthony Abagha’s Children of Oloibiri?
  • What forms of victimization are portrayed in these novels, and how do they impact the characters and communities?
  • In what ways do the novels reflect the socio-political realities of Nigeria’s Niger Delta region?
  • How do the authors use their narratives to critique the socio-political and environmental issues associated with oil exploitation in the Niger Delta?
  • What are the specific environmental challenges highlighted in the novels, and how do they relate to actual environmental degradation in the Niger Delta?
  • How do Okpewho and Abagha use literary devices and narrative techniques to convey the themes of corruption and victimization?
  • What insights do the novels provide about the broader implications of corruption and victimization for individuals and communities in resource-rich regions?
  • How do the findings from these literary analyses contribute to our understanding of the need for institutional reforms and accountable governance in addressing these issues?

1.5 Significance of Study

The significance of the study on "Corruption and Victimization in Isidore Okpewho's Tides and Anthony Abagha’s Children of Oloibiri" lies in its multifaceted contributions to literature, socio-political discourse, and environmental advocacy. This study enhances our understanding of how literature can reflect and critique societal issues, offering a poignant commentary on the pervasive effects of corruption and victimization in the Niger Delta. By analyzing these novels, the study sheds light on the human and environmental costs of resource exploitation, thereby contributing to broader discussions on environmental justice and sustainable development.

The research also underscores the importance of narrative in raising awareness and fostering empathy towards the plight of marginalized communities, emphasizing the role of literature in social and political activism. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for policymakers, environmentalists, and human rights advocates by highlighting the urgent need for institutional reforms and accountable governance to address the systemic issues portrayed in the novels. Through its interdisciplinary approach, the study bridges the gap between literary analysis and real-world socio-political and environmental challenges, demonstrating the relevance of literary works in contemporary discourse on corruption and victimization.


1.6 Scope of Study

The scope of the research is focused on the corruption and victimization in isidore okpewho's tides and anthony abagha’s children of oloibiri.


1.7 Limitations of the Study

During the course of this study, there were some problems encountered which stood as limitations to the research work. Some of the limitations include:

  1. Time Constraint: The time frame given to accomplish this project was very short due to school academic calendar and it was carried out under pressure which made the researcher not to implement some necessary features.
  2. Financial Constraint: Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (internet, questionnaire and interview).

1.8 Definition of Terms

Corruption:

Corruption refers to the abuse of entrusted power for private gain. In the context of the Niger Delta, corruption often involves government officials and multinational corporations engaging in bribery, embezzlement, and other illicit activities to exploit the region’s natural resources at the expense of local communities (Transparency International, 2023).

Victimization:

Victimization is the process of subjecting individuals or groups to harm or exploitation. In these novels, it pertains to the suffering experienced by the inhabitants of the Niger Delta due to environmental degradation, economic deprivation, and social injustices caused by corrupt practices (Oxford English Dictionary, 2023).

Niger Delta:

The Niger Delta is a region in southern Nigeria known for its vast oil reserves and diverse ecosystems. It has been a focal point for oil extraction and the ensuing socio-economic and environmental challenges. This region's plight is central to the narratives in both Tides and Children of Oloibiri (Watts, 2004).

Environmental Degradation:

Environmental degradation involves the deterioration of the natural environment through the depletion of resources, destruction of ecosystems, and pollution. In the Niger Delta, environmental degradation is primarily caused by oil spills, gas flaring, and deforestation, severely impacting local communities (Nriagu, 2011).

Exploitation:

Exploitation refers to the act of using someone or something unfairly for one’s own advantage. In the novels, exploitation is depicted through the extraction of oil by multinational companies and the complicity of corrupt officials, leading to the impoverishment and marginalization of the local population (Frynas, 2000).

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature Review

2.1 Introduction

This chapter focuses on the review of related literature. A literature review includes the current knowledge as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topic. It documents the state of the art with respect to the topic you are writing. It surveys the literature in the topic selected. In this research work the literature review includes the …

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