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Design and Construction of a 2Kva Inverter with Two Solar Panels

Design and Construction of a 2Kva Inverter with Two Solar Panels

Project / Seminar Material
Reference ID: PS-3680-TM

DEDICATION

This research material titled “Design and Construction of a 2Kva Inverter with Two Solar Panels” is dedicated to God for his enabling grace, and to all computer enthusiasts who contributed to make life a pleasant experience during my research documentation.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I extend my sincere gratitude to all those who contributed to the completion of this project. Special thanks to my Supervisor (Name of your Supervisor), the Head of Department (Name of your HOD), the Lecturers in the department of Electrical / Electronics Engineering (EE), Book Authors and Profound Scholars of existing or related project material on “Design and Construction of a 2Kva Inverter with Two Solar Panels” for their invaluable guidance, support, and expertise throughout the journey.

I am also grateful to your study area (mention any funding organizations, if applicable) for their financial assistance. This research would not have been possible without the encouragement and assistance of some stakeholders (mention any mentors, teachers, or colleagues). Additionally, I would like to acknowledge the understanding and patience of my family and friends during this endeavor. Your unwavering support has been a constant source of motivation. Thank you all for being part of this meaningful endeavor.

Design and Construction of a 2Kva Inverter with Two Solar Panels

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PRELIMINARY PAGES

CHAPTER ONE

Introduction

  • 1.1 Background
  • 1.2 Statement of Problem
  • 1.3 Aim and Objectives
  • 1.3.1 Aim
  • 1.3.2 Objectives
  • 1.4 Scope of Study
  • 1.5 Significance of the Project
  • 1.6 Inverters
  • 1.6.1 Central Inverters
  • 1.6.2 Micro Inverters
  • 1.7 The BOS (Balance of System)
  • 1.8 Solar Panels
  • 1.8.1 Solar Panel Poly or Mono

CHAPTER TWO

Literature Review

  • 2.1 Introduction
  • 2.2 Components used for the design
  • 2.2.1 IC SG3524
  • 2.2.1.1 Description
  • 2.2.1.2 Features
  • 2.2.1.3 Overview
  • 2.2.2 IC 4066
  • 2.2.2.1 General Description
  • 2.2.2.2 Features
  • 2.2.3 Variable Resistor
  • 2.2.3.1 Variable Resistor Connection
  • 2.2.3.2 Types of Variable Resistor
  • 2.2.3.3 Uses of variable Resistors
  • 2.2.3.4 Preset Variable Resistor
  • 2.2.4 Fixed Resistor
  • 2.2.5 Diode IN4007
  • 2.2.5.1 Features
  • 2.2.5.2 Typical Applications
  • 2.2.6 Capacitor (47uf/50v, 10uf/50v)
  • 2.2.7 Transistor (BD139, C1815, A1015)
  • 2.2.7.1 Description (BD139)
  • 2.2.7.2 Features (BD139
  • 2.2.7.3 Features (C1815)
  • 2.2.7.4 Features (A1015)
  • 2.2.8 Timer (NE555)
  • 2.2.8.1 Description
  • 2.2.8.2 Features
  • 2.2.8.3 Application Information
  • 2.2.9 Comparator (LM393)
  • 2.2.9.1 Description
  • 2.2.9.2 Features
  • 2.2.10 Regulator (LM117/LM317)
  • 2.2.10.1 Description
  • 2.2.10.2 Features
  • 2.2.11 MOSFET

CHAPTER THREE

Research Methodology

  • 3.1 Block Diagram of the System
  • 3.2 System Operation with block diagram
  • 3.3 Calculating the load
  • 3.3.1 Types of Load
  • 3.4 Calculate the Size of Solar Panels to Supply the Load
  • 3.4.1 Peak Sun Hours
  • 3.5 Solar Panel Positioning
  • 3.5.1 Connecting Your Solar Panels – Direct Connection
  • 3.6 Solar Regulators
  • 3.7 Solar Panel Sizing
  • 3.8 Determination of the Oscillating Frequency
  • 3.9 The Drain Current of the MOSFET
  • 3.10 Design of the Inverter Circuit
  • 3.11 The Battery
  • 3.12 The AC Mains Supply
  • 3.13 The AC Mains Sensor
  • 3.14 The Oscillator
  • 3.15 The Driver and the Output Amplifier
  • 3.16 The Inverter Transformer
  • 3.16.1 Working Principle of Transformer
  • 3.16.2 Faraday’s Laws of Electromagnetic Induction
  • 3.16.3 Main Constructional Parts of Transformer
  • 3.17 The battery Charger
  • 3.18 The Change Over
  • 3.19 Inverter AC Output
  • 3.20 Protections
  • 3.21 Indicators
  • 3.22 Switch

CHAPTER FOUR

Results And Discussion

  • 4.1 Discussion
  • 4.2 Testing of the Inverter under load condition
  • 4.3 Construction
  • 4.4 Casing

CHAPTER FIVE

Conclusion And Recommendation

  • 5.1 Conclusion
  • 5.2 Recommendation

REFERENCES

ABSTRACT

This research is about the design and construction of 2KW 230 volts solar panel inverter at a frequency of 50Hz.The device is constructed with locally sourced components and materials of regulated standard.

The basic principle of its operation is a simple conversion of 12V DC from a battery using integrated circuits and semiconductors at a frequency of 50Hz, into a 230V AC across the windings of a transformer. A solar panel is used to charge the battery using a solar charge controller.

This project (device) offers a better alternative to Public Power Supply, Generators as well as UPS considering it is cost effective, noiseless and easy maintainability.

Design and Construction of a 2Kva Inverter with Two Solar Panels

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 Introduction

1.1 Background of Study

The solar inverter is a critical component in a solar energy system. It performs the conversion of the variable DC output of the Photovoltaic (PV) module(s) into a clean sinusoidal 50 or 60 Hz AC current that is then applied directly to the commercial electrical grid or to a local, off-grid electrical network. A solar cell (also called photovoltaic cell) is the smallest solid-state device that converts the energy of sunlight directly into electricity through the photovoltaic effect. A Photovoltaic (PV) module is an assembly of cells in series or parallel to enlarge or increase voltage and/or current. A Panel is an assembly of modules on a structure. An Array is an assembly of panels at a site. Typically, communications capability is included so users can monitor the inverter and report on power and operating conditions, provide firmware updates and control the inverter grid connection.

At the heart of the inverter is a real-time microcontroller. The controller executes the very precise algorithms required to invert the DC voltage generated by the solar module into AC. This controller is programmed to perform the control loops necessary for all the power management functions necessary including DC/DC and DC/AC. The controller also maximizes the power output from the PV through complex algorithms called maximum power point tracking (MPPT). The PV maximum output power is dependent on the operating conditions and varies from moment to moment due to temperature, shading, soilage, cloud cover, and time of day so adjusting for this maximum power point is a continuous process. For systems with battery energy storage, the controller can control the charging as well as switch over to battery power once the sun sets or cloud cover reduces the PV output power. (Aditee P. Bapat et al 2013)

1.2 Statement of Problem

If there is one factor that has perpetually maintained the status of Nigeria as a less developed country, it is its electricity sector.Till date, many households and businesses cannot be guaranteed of 24 hours supply of electricity from the public grid. At this stage of Nigeria’s social and economic development, the country cannot deliver adequate energy to the citizens despite huge financial resources that have been expended in the sector.

Rather, Nigerians have continued to rely on electricity generators for their power supply, fuel marketers are taking significant portion of households’ and businesses’ incomes to supply power, noise pollution from regular humming generators have become integral part of living for many Nigerians with imaginable consequences on their health. Because of these problems, there is a need to design and construct the solar panel inverter which will complement the electricity supply from the public grid. It is less noisy and does not have any consequence(s) on human health (Lookman Oshodi 2014).

1.3 Aim and Objectives of Study

1.3.1 Aim

The aim of this project is to design and construct a 2000Watt solar panel inverter.

1.3.2 Objectives

The objectives of this project are;

  1. To provide efficiency, steadiness in the use of power appliances, by ensuring continuous availability of power supply even in the absence of mains.
  2. To eliminate all suspense from mains outage during the execution of an important and urgent assignment as may be required.
  3. To design a simple and rugged technology; this will utilize the appropriate use of home or local electrical appliances.
…

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature Review

2.1 Introduction

This chapter focuses on the review of related literature. A literature review includes the current knowledge as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topic. It documents the state of the art with respect to the topic you are writing. It surveys the literature in the topic selected. In this research work the literature review includes the …

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