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Determination of Alkalinity of Sachet and Borehole Water
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Determination of Alkalinity of Sachet and Borehole Water

This page presents an excerpt of the research material, providing a comprehensive overview of the study. It includes the Preliminary Pages, Table of Contents, Abstract, Chapters One to Five, and References, making it accessible and informative for students, researchers, and other readers interested in the topic of this study. Acknowledgement is also included, expressing gratitude to the individuals, institutions, and resources that contributed to the successful completion of the research, with materials and information sourced from the online platform sparklyn.com.ng, which provided valuable academic support.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PRELIMINARY PAGES

  • Title page
  • Approval page
  • Dedication
  • Acknowledgement
  • Table of Contents
  • Abstract

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

  • 1.1 Introduction
  • 1.2 Background of Study
  • 1.3 Statement of Problem
  • 1.4 Aim and Objectives of Study
  • 1.5 Significance of Study
  • 1.6 Scope of Study
  • 1.7 Limitations of the Study
  • 1.8 Definition of Terms

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

  • 2.1 Introduction
  • 2.2 Conceptual Review
  • 2.3 Parameters Tested in Sachet Water
  • 2.4 Possible Contamination of Sachet Water
  • 2.5 Comparison of Tap Water and Bole Hole Water
  • 2.6 Factors Affecting Tap and Bole Hole Drinking Water Quality
  • 2.7 Effects of Unsatisfactory Tap and Bole Hole Water

CHAPTER THREE

MATERIALS AND METHODS

  • 3.1 Introduction
  • 3.2 Area of Study
  • 3.3 Collection of Samples
  • 3.4 Preparation of Samples
  • 3.5 Apparatus and Reagents
  • 3.6 Methods of Analysis
  • 3.7 Determination of the Alkalinity of the Water Samples

CHAPTER FOUR

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

  • 4.1 Introduction
  • 4.2 Results
  • 4.3 Discussion of Findings

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION

  • 5.1 Introduction
  • 5.2 Summary of Findings
  • 5.3 Conclusion
  • 5.4 Recommendation

REFERENCES

ABSTRACT

The study was carried out to determine the Alkalinity of Sachet and Borehole Water using Ikole North local government area as a case study. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to determine the alkalinity levels in commercially available sachet and borehole water and determine the concentration of alkalinity in borehole and sachet water. Studies have shown that alkaline water helps neutralize acids in the body and allows for the free passage of substrate. The alkalinity of selected sachet and borehole water in Remo land were determined and the water samples were subsequently alkalised with the use of energy cup. The untreated SW4 sachet water has the highest pH meter value of (7.2) and a pH colour chat value of (8.0) while the treated SW3 had a pH meter value of (9.9) and a pH colour chart value of (9.5) respectively. The untreated borehole water samples of BW2 has the highest pH meter value of (6.0) and pH colour chat value of (6.0) while the treated BW1 and BW2 has the highest pH value of (9.2) each and pH colour chat value of (8.0) respectively. The experiment however highlighted the high acidic content of SW2 for sachet water, with pH of (5.2) and BW2 for borehole water, with pH of (4.8), asserting the high acidic contents. Drinking such water could pose dangerous health risks to consumers of the water. There is a need for the intervention of appropriate regulatory agencies to ensure production of high quality sachet waters which have the WHO standard pH of 6.5 to 8.5, although the normal pH of pure water should be 7. This study will be of immense benefit to academic students and other researchers who intend to know more on this study and can also be used by non-researchers to build more on their research work.

CHAPTER ONE

1.1 Introduction

Production and sale of sachet water, popularly called “pure water” in Nigeria, is presently a lucrative business, therefore many people are involved in the production and marketing of the product. Water is one of the most important as well as one of the most abundant compound on earth, and is vital to the survival of any organism (Tortora et al., 2002).Water in nature is seldom totally pure. Rainfall is contaminated as it falls to earth (Ajewole, 2005). The combustion of fossil fuel put sulphur compounds as being responsible for pollution of rain water by precipitation (Edema et al., 2001).

As a prelude to other parts of this study, this chapter will discuss the background upon which this study was initiated, the statement of problems that led to this study, the Aim and Objectives of the study. Others are Significance of the study, Scope of work, Research hypothesis and questions, Limitations of the Study and Definition of technical terms.

…

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction

This chapter focuses on the review of related literature. A literature review includes the current knowledge as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topic. It documents the state of the art with respect to the topic you are writing. It surveys the literature in the topic selected. In this research work the literature review includes the conceputal review, theoretical framework, the review of related literature …

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