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Analyzing the Anti-Oxidant, Nutritional, and Anti-Nutritional Composition of Garcinia Kola and Chrysophyllum Albidum in the Ondo State Rainforest Ecosystem

Analyzing the Anti-Oxidant, Nutritional, and Anti-Nutritional Composition of Garcinia Kola and Chrysophyllum Albidum in the Ondo State Rainforest Ecosystem

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DEDICATION

This research material, titled “Analyzing the Anti-Oxidant, Nutritional, and Anti-Nutritional Composition of Garcinia Kola and Chrysophyllum Albidum in the Ondo State Rainforest Ecosystem” is dedicated to God for His boundless grace and guidance. It is also a tribute to all computer enthusiasts whose contributions made my research journey smoother and enriched my documentation process, making the experience truly fulfilling.



ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am profoundly grateful to everyone who contributed to the successful completion of this project. I am especially grateful to my Supervisor (Name), the Head of Department (Name), and the Lecturers in the Department of Environmental Science for their invaluable guidance and support. I also acknowledge the contributions of authors and scholars whose works on Analyzing the Anti-Oxidant, Nutritional, and Anti-Nutritional Composition of Garcinia Kola and Chrysophyllum Albidum in the Ondo State Rainforest Ecosystem provided essential insights. Special thanks go to my study area (and any funding organizations, if applicable) for their financial assistance. I am equally thankful to stakeholders, including mentors, teachers, and colleagues, for their encouragement and support. Finally, I deeply appreciate my family and friends for their patience and unwavering support throughout this journey. Your contributions have been instrumental in making this research a reality.



ABSTRACT

This study was undertaken to determine the anti-oxidant, nutritional and anti-nutritional composition of Garcinia kola and Chrysophyllum albidum from rainforest ecosystem of Ondo state, Nigeria. The anti-oxidant analysis was performed for seed kernel, fruit pulp, fruit skin and the whole fruit of Chrysophyllum albidum while nutritional and anti-nutritional composition for the species were performed for the fruit pulp and seed kernel.

For Garcinia kola nutritional, anti-nutritional and anti-oxidant composition was performed on the seed kernel, fruit pulp and the fruit pod. Total phenol, total flavonoid, Vitamin C and 1-1, diphenyl picaryl hydrazine (DPPH) were the anti-oxidants determined for C. albidum and Garcinia kola. Analyses for nutritional (moisture content, ash, protein content, crude fibre, fat, carbohydrate) and anti-nutritional (phytate, oxalate tannin, alkaloid, saponin, flavonoid) composition were conducted.

The results showed that moisture and ash content of the fruit pulp and seed kernel of C. albidum were comparable; protein, fat and fibre contents were higher in the fruit pulp than in the seed kernel while carbohydrate content of the seed kernel was higher than that in the fruit pulp. For G. kola, the fruit pod had higher ash content than the fruit pulp and seed kernel, the fruit pulp had the highest moisture content, followed by fruit pod and lastly by the seed kernel.

The protein and fat contents of the seed kernel and fruit pod were similar but higher than that of the fruit pulp. Carbohydrate content was higher in seed kernel than in the fruit pulp and fruit pod. The results of anti-nutritional analyses indicated that the seed kernel and fruit pulp of G. kola and C. albidum did not have high concentration of anti-nutrients. The fruits of the two species were found to contain good amount of anti-oxidants. Thus, the consumption of the two species is not detrimental health and they can be used as food supplements in food manufacturing.


Analyzing the Anti-Oxidant, Nutritional, and Anti-Nutritional Composition of Garcinia Kola and Chrysophyllum Albidum in the Ondo State Rainforest Ecosystem

CHAPTER ONE

1.1 Introduction

… As a prelude to other parts of this study, this chapter will discuss the background upon which this study was initiated, the statement of problems that led to this study, the Aim and Objectives of the study. Others are Significance of the study, Scope of work, Research hypothesis and questions, Limitation of the study and Definition of technical terms.…

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature Review

2.1 Introduction

This chapter focuses on the review of related literature. A literature review includes the current knowledge as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topic. It documents the state of the art with respect to the topic you are writing. It surveys the literature in the topic selected. In this research work the literature review includes the conceputal review, theoretical framework, the review of related literature …

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