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Distribution of Thiaminase in Different Tissues of Some Fish Species

Distribution of Thiaminase in Different Tissues of Some Fish Species

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DEDICATION

This research material, titled “Distribution of Thiaminase in Different Tissues of Some Fish Species” is dedicated to God for His boundless grace and guidance. It is also a tribute to all computer enthusiasts whose contributions made my research journey smoother and enriched my documentation process, making the experience truly fulfilling.



ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am profoundly grateful to everyone who contributed to the successful completion of this project. I am especially grateful to my Supervisor (Name), the Head of Department (Name), and the Lecturers in the Department of Biochemistry for their invaluable guidance and support. I also acknowledge the contributions of authors and scholars whose works on Distribution of Thiaminase in Different Tissues of Some Fish Species provided essential insights. Special thanks go to my study area (and any funding organizations, if applicable) for their financial assistance. I am equally thankful to stakeholders, including mentors, teachers, and colleagues, for their encouragement and support. Finally, I deeply appreciate my family and friends for their patience and unwavering support throughout this journey. Your contributions have been instrumental in making this research a reality.



TABLE OF CONTENTS

PRELIMINARY PAGES

CHAPTER ONE

  • 1.1 Introduction
  • 1.2 Literature Review
  • 1.2.1 History of Thiaminase
  • 1.2.2 Classification
  • 1.2.3 Distribution and Occurrence
  • 1.2.4 Thiaminase Catalysis
  • 1.2.5 Thiaminase 1
  • 1.2.6 Thiaminase 11
  • 1.3 Fish Tissues
  • 1.3.1 Fish Gills
  • 1.3.2 Fish Flesh
  • 1.3.3 Fish Gut
  • 1.4 Fishes
  • 1.5 Fish Species
  • 1.5.1 Tilapia Zilli
  • 1.5.2 Hepsetus Odoe
  • 1.5.3 Parachanna Obscura
  • 1.5.4 Clarias Gariepinus
  • 1.5.5 Heterotis Niloticus
  • 1.5.6 Parachanna Africana
  • 1.5.7 Saroterodon Galilaeus

CHAPTER TWO

  • 2.1 Materials
  • 2.1.1 Chemicals and Reagents
  • 2.1.2 Equipments
  • 2.2 Methods
  • 2.2.1 Preparation of Buffer (Phosphate Buffe)
  • 2.2.2 Homogenization of Samples (Gills, Gut and Flesh)
  • 2.2.3 Filtration Using Cheese Cloth
  • 2.2.4 Centrifugation of the Supernatant Extract
  • 2.2.5 Protein Determination
  • 2.2.6 Thiaminase Assay

CHAPTER THREE

  • 3.1 Results
  • 3.1.1 Thiaminase Activity Table

CHAPTER FOUR

  • 4.1 Discussion Conclusion and Recommendation
  • 4.1.1 Discussion
  • 4.1.2 Conclusion
  • 4.1.3 Recommendation

REFERENCES

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ABSTRACT

Thiaminase degrade thiamine into separate thiazole and pyrimidine moieties, an enzyme that cleaves vitamin B1 and are sporadically distributed among prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The excess thiaminase in fish tissues causes thiamine deficiency syndrome like neurological and cardiac disorder, it also causes reproductive disorder in fishes and finally leads to death. Thiaminase in human causes thiamine deficiency which leads to beriberi and Wernicke Korsakov syndrome or Wernicke paralysis, it also prevent the conversion of carbohydrate to glucose. Fishes rich in thiaminase are not good for human consumption because it leads to chronic thiamine deficiency.

This present study was carried out to determine the distribution, level and the effect of thiaminase in different tissues of some fish species. A total number of 21 tissues were extracted from 7 different fish species (Gills, gut and flesh i.e. 3 from each). in the tissue, Tilapia Zilli gut had the highest thiaminase activity (27.05±2.08) while Parachanna Africana gill had the lowest activity (0.09±0.12). Tilapia Zilli gut also have the highest specific activity (0.0058±0.0004) Parachanna Africana gill has the lowest specific activity (0.0000±0.0000). Clarias Gariepinus flesh has the highest protein concentration (14387.44±179.13) Hepsetus Odoe gut has the lowest protein concentration (791.28±13.33). Saroterodon Galilaeus species has the highest level of thiaminase activity (10.136a) and Parachanna Obscura species has the lowest level of thiaminase activity (0.463b). Tilapia Zilli species has the highest specific activity of (0.0023ª) while Parachanna Africanna species has the lowest specific activity of (0.0002c).

Gut has the highest thiaminase activity of (11.315a) while flesh has the lowest thiaminase activity of (1.916b). Gut also has the highest specific activity of (0.00304a) and flesh also has the lowest specific activity of (0.00022b). Therefore, the significance of the study is that excess thiaminase degrades thiamin and causes thiamin deficiency in fishes which leads to various ailments in fish and finally leads to death.


Distribution of Thiaminase in Different Tissues of Some Fish Species

CHAPTER ONE

1.1 Introduction

… As a prelude to other parts of this study, this chapter will discuss the background upon which this study was initiated, the statement of problems that led to this study, the Aim and Objectives of the study. Others are Significance of the study, Scope of work, Research hypothesis and questions, Limitation of the study and Definition of technical terms.…

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature Review

2.1 Introduction

This chapter focuses on the review of related literature. A literature review includes the current knowledge as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topic. It documents the state of the art with respect to the topic you are writing. It surveys the literature in the topic selected. In this research work the literature review includes the conceputal review, theoretical framework, the review of related literature …

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