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Effect of Telferia Occidentalis and Vernonia Amygdalina on Antioxidants and Malondialdehyde in Heart, Plasma and Brain in High Sucrose Diet Fed Rats

Effect of Telferia Occidentalis and Vernonia Amygdalina on Antioxidants and Malondialdehyde in Heart, Plasma and Brain in High Sucrose Diet Fed Rats

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DEDICATION

This research material, titled “Effect of Telferia Occidentalis and Vernonia Amygdalina on Antioxidants and Malondialdehyde in Heart, Plasma and Brain in High Sucrose Diet Fed Rats” is dedicated to God for His boundless grace and guidance. It is also a tribute to all computer enthusiasts whose contributions made my research journey smoother and enriched my documentation process, making the experience truly fulfilling.



ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am profoundly grateful to everyone who contributed to the successful completion of this project. I am especially grateful to my Supervisor (Name), the Head of Department (Name), and the Lecturers in the Department of Biochemistry for their invaluable guidance and support. I also acknowledge the contributions of authors and scholars whose works on Effect of Telferia Occidentalis and Vernonia Amygdalina on Antioxidants and Malondialdehyde in Heart, Plasma and Brain in High Sucrose Diet Fed Rats provided essential insights. Special thanks go to my study area (and any funding organizations, if applicable) for their financial assistance. I am equally thankful to stakeholders, including mentors, teachers, and colleagues, for their encouragement and support. Finally, I deeply appreciate my family and friends for their patience and unwavering support throughout this journey. Your contributions have been instrumental in making this research a reality.



TABLE OF CONTENTS

PRELIMINARY PAGES

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

    CHAPTER TWO

    LITERATURE REVIEW

    • 2.1 Introduction
    • ⋮

    CHAPTER THREE

    MATERIALS AND METHODS

    • 3.1 Introduction
    • ⋮

    CHAPTER FOUR

    RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

    • 4.1 Introduction
    • 4.2 Results
    • ⋮
    • 4.3 Discussion of Findings

    CHAPTER FIVE

    SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

    • 5.1 Introduction
    • 5.2 Summary
    • 5.3 Conclusion
    • 5.4 Recommendation

    REFERENCES


    ABSTRACT

    This present study was aimed at investigating the effect of the processing methods (Juice and Shaft) on oxidative stress induced by high sucrose diets on Catalase, Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Malondiadehyde (MDA) in the heart, brain and plasma. The juice and shaft extract of Telferia occidentalis(Ugwu) and Vernonia amygdalina (Ewuro) vegetables were processed and were administered alongside high sucrose. 104 albino rats (male) of wistar strain, weighing between 60-175g were bought and were divided into two groups, namely, Group I (control group), Group II (experimental group).

    The animals were weighed after acclimatization and were administered treatment according to their body weight. The Control group were fed with rat chow and the experimental group were fed with 40% sucrose palletized with their diet (rat chow). Each group were subdivided into four groups, Group 1: NOR (Normal Rat chow), NUJ (Normal Ugwu Juice), NUS (Normal Ugwu Shaft), NEJ (Normal Ewuro Juice), NES (Normal Ewuro Shaft) and the Group II : HSO (High Sucrose only), HUJ (High Sucrose Ugwu Juice), HUS (High Sucrose Ugwu Shaft), HEJ (High Sucrose Ewuro Juice) and HES (High Sucrose Ewuro Shaft). The result shows that high sucrose diets does not have an effect on the antioxidants as the levels of catalase in the brain, heart and plasma were within the normal range, except for High Sucrose Ewuro Shaft which excessively increased the level of catalase in the heart(P < 0.05). Also, the levels of malondiadehyde and superoxide dismutase in the brain, heart and plasma were all within the normal level, after administration of all the diets (P < 0.05).


    Effect of Telferia Occidentalis and Vernonia Amygdalina on Antioxidants and Malondialdehyde in Heart, Plasma and Brain in High Sucrose Diet Fed Rats

    CHAPTER ONE

    1.1 Introduction

    … As a prelude to other parts of this study, this chapter will discuss the background upon which this study was initiated, the statement of problems that led to this study, the Aim and Objectives of the study. Others are Significance of the study, Scope of work, Research hypothesis and questions, Limitation of the study and Definition of technical terms.…

    CHAPTER TWO

    2.0 Literature Review

    2.1 Introduction

    This chapter focuses on the review of related literature. A literature review includes the current knowledge as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topic. It documents the state of the art with respect to the topic you are writing. It surveys the literature in the topic selected. In this research work the literature review includes the conceputal review, theoretical framework, the review of related literature …

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