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Energy Consumption and Climate Variability in Nigeria Implications From Economic Activities in Nigeria

Energy Consumption and Climate Variability in Nigeria; Implications From Economic Activities in Nigeria

Project / Seminar Material
Reference ID: PS-8462-TM

DEDICATION

This research material titled “Energy Consumption and Climate Variability in Nigeria; Implications From Economic Activities in Nigeria” is dedicated to God for his enabling grace, and to all computer enthusiasts who contributed to make life a pleasant experience during my research documentation.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I extend my sincere gratitude to all those who contributed to the completion of this project. Special thanks to my Supervisor (Name of your Supervisor), the Head of Department (Name of your HOD), the Lecturers in the department of Industrial Relations and Personnel Management (IRPM), Book Authors and Profound Scholars of existing or related project material on “Energy Consumption and Climate Variability in Nigeria; Implications From Economic Activities in Nigeria” for their invaluable guidance, support, and expertise throughout the journey.

I am also grateful to your study area (mention any funding organizations, if applicable) for their financial assistance. This research would not have been possible without the encouragement and assistance of some stakeholders (mention any mentors, teachers, or colleagues). Additionally, I would like to acknowledge the understanding and patience of my family and friends during this endeavor. Your unwavering support has been a constant source of motivation. Thank you all for being part of this meaningful endeavor.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PRELIMINARY PAGES

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

    CHAPTER TWO

    LITERATURE REVIEW

    • 2.1 Introduction
    • 2.2 Conceptual Review
    • 2.3 Theoretical Framework
    • ⋮
    • 2.4 Empirical Studies

    CHAPTER THREE

    RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

    • 3.1 Introduction
    • 3.2 Research Design
    • 3.3 Population of Study
    • 3.4 Sampling and Sampling Technique
    • 3.5 Validation of Research Instrument
    • 3.6 Method of Data Collection
    • 3.7 Method of Data Analysis
    • 3.8 Questionnaire Administration
    • 3.9 Ethical Consideration
    • 3.10 Statistical Analysis

    CHAPTER FOUR

    DATA ANALYSIS, RESULT AND DISCUSSION

    • 4.1 Introduction
    • 4.2 Presentation and Analysis of Data
    • 4.3 Re-statement of Research Questions
    • 4.4 Test of Hypotheses
    • 4.5 Discussion of Findings

    CHAPTER FIVE

    SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

    • 5.1 Introduction
    • 5.2 Summary of Findings
    • 5.3 Conclusion
    • 5.4 Recommendation
    • 5.5 Suggestion for Further Study

    REFERENCES

    APPENDIX A - “QUESTIONNAIRE”

    Energy Consumption and Climate Variability in Nigeria; Implications From Economic Activities in Nigeria

    CHAPTER ONE

    Introduction

    Nigeria’s persistent energy crisis has weaken the industrialization process and significantly undermined the efforts to achieve sustained economic growth, increased competitiveness of domestic industries in domestic, regional and global market and employment generation. According to statistical review of world energy 2013, world energy consumption refers to the total energy used by all of human civilization. This involves all energy harnessed from every energy source applied towards humanity’s endeavor across every single industrial deep implication for humanity’s socio-economic political sphere.

    1.1 Background Of The Study

    Olisina and Odumade (2012) reported that the future range of the changes in rainfall and maximum temperature are between -192 to 198 (mm) and -159 to 2.480C respectively. The unpredictability of climate poses some negative effects such as flooding, poor agriculture yield, famine, air pollution etc. This confirms that the growing awareness of the rate earth’s climate is changing is at alarming rate. Ojekunle et al (2014) revealed that the global temperature for the past 100 years is 0.72-0.740C and that of Nigeria between the two climate period under study is 1.800C.

    In Nigeria, the most significant indicator of climate changes are temperature and temperature related parameter such as rainfall, humidity, evaporation and sea level rises. The alteration or the fluctuation in this indicators pose threat to the human existence such as, health, water resources, biodiversity, agriculture and food security and forestry.

    Climate Change are said to be caused by some anthropogenic factors and nature such as biotic processes, variation in solar radiation received by earth, plate tectonic and volcanic eruption. The concept of anthropogenic factors is the contribution of human activities like energy consumption or production to Climate variability (e.g burning of fossil fuel). Global warming emission resulting from energy production and energy consumption are an environmental problem. Greenhouse gases are not the only emission of energy production and consumption. Large amount of pollutant such as sulphurous oxide (Sox), nitrous (Nox) and particular matter (PM) are products from the combustion of fossil fuel and biomass are products of the greenhouse gas emission. The world Health organization estimates that 7 million premature deaths are caused each year by air pollution (WHO 2014).

    Energy is widely regarded as a propelling force behind any economic activity and indeed industrial production. In Nigeria, energy serves as the pillar of wealth creation evident by being the nucleus of operation and engine of growth for all sectors of the economy. And Nigeria population estimated to be 140 million by Onakoya et al (2013), is endowed with enormous energy resources such as petroleum, natural gas, coal nuclear, tar, sand, solar, wind biomass and hydro. The human exploitation of these resources leads to the consumption of energy by the user.

    Climate Change with no doubt poses threat to human existence and energy consumption activities are source of the threats. Some causes of climate change in Nigeria are from emission of gases. Greenhouse gases emissions is an anthropogenic activities from burning of fossil, carbon dioxide, methane, Nitrous oxide and High global warming potential etc. Studies over studies have shown that the mean air temperature in Nigeria between 1901 and 2005 was 26.60C while temperature increase for the 105 years was 1.10C. This evidence is obviously higher than the global mean temperature increase of 0.740C as recorded since (1860). This confirms that climate change or variability is obvious in Nigeria.

    …

    CHAPTER TWO

    2.0 Literature Review

    2.1 Introduction

    This chapter focuses on the review of related literature. A literature review includes the current knowledge as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topic. It documents the state of the art with respect to the topic you are writing. It surveys the literature in the topic selected. In this research work the literature review includes the …

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