× Close

📚 Project Proposal Topics PDF Department List & Materials for Google Scholars
Accounting Topics
Curriculum Studies Topics
English Language Topics
Entrepreneurship Topics
Estate Management Topics
📚 List of Project Proposal Topics and PDF Materials for (2025) Students

Search for Project and Seminar Topics Post Market Item or Services for Free
Evaluation of Thyroid Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Evaluation of Thyroid Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Project / Seminar Material
Reference ID: PS-278-TM

DEDICATION

This research material titled “Evaluation of Thyroid Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetic Patients” is dedicated to God for his enabling grace, and to all computer enthusiasts who contributed to make life a pleasant experience during my research documentation.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I extend my sincere gratitude to all those who contributed to the completion of this project. Special thanks to my Supervisor (Name of your Supervisor), the Head of Department (Name of your HOD), the Lecturers in the department of Biochemistry, Book Authors and Profound Scholars of existing or related project material on “Evaluation of Thyroid Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetic Patients” for their invaluable guidance, support, and expertise throughout the journey.

I am also grateful to your study area (mention any funding organizations, if applicable) for their financial assistance. This research would not have been possible without the encouragement and assistance of some stakeholders (mention any mentors, teachers, or colleagues). Additionally, I would like to acknowledge the understanding and patience of my family and friends during this endeavor. Your unwavering support has been a constant source of motivation. Thank you all for being part of this meaningful endeavor.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PRELIMINARY PAGES


CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION


    CHAPTER TWO

    LITERATURE REVIEW

    • 2.1 Introduction

    CHAPTER THREE

    MATERIALS AND METHODS

    • 3.1 Introduction

    CHAPTER FOUR

    RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

    • 4.1 Introduction
    • 4.2 Results
    • 4.3 Discussion of Findings

    CHAPTER FIVE

    SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

    • 5.1 Introduction
    • 5.2 Summary
    • 5.3 Conclusion
    • 5.4 Recommendation

    REFERENCES

    ABSTRACT

    Diabetes is a metabolic disorder of multiple etiologies characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The study was carried out to evaluate the Thyroid Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetic Patients. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and Thyroid Dysfunction (TD) are the two most common endocrinopathies seen in general population. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is commonly associated with altered thyroid function.

    Blood samples were collected from 80 Type 2 diabetic patients and 80 non diabetic (control) and analyze for fasting blood sugar (FBS), glycatedhemoglobin (HbA1c), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyrorine (T3), thyroxin (T4), cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL-C)and low density lipoproteins(LDL-C).

    The levels, of FBS, HbA1c, Cholesterol, TG and LDL-C were observed to be significantly high and the level of HDL-C was significantly low in diabetics as compared to control (non diabetic patients). The levels of T3 and T4 were significantly low while the level of TSH was significantly high in Type 2 diabetics as compared to non diabetics.Pearson correlation shows a very strong positive relationship between FBS and HbA1c and weak positive relationship between these sugars and Thyroid hormones (TSH,T3,andT4). Thyroid dysfunction may complicate metabolic control in diabetes mellitus (DM). It is therefore patients to recognize and where necessary treat thyroid dysfunction in order to stabilize metabolic control.

    Based on the findings, it is recommended that the general public should understand that, their support is highly needed in diabetes care management among persons with diabetes. In addition, future research should compare different socio-demographics of patients and relations with self-care practice, for instance, religion and its influence on patients’ perception of diabetes and diabetes care.


    Evaluation of Thyroid Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

    CHAPTER ONE

    1.1 Introduction

    Diabetes mellitus (DM) and thyroid dysfunction (TD) are the two most common endocrine disorders seen in adult population(Diezet al., 2011). The prevalence of Type2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is rising faster than any other form of diabetes because of increased urbanization which encourages development of obesity due to reduced physical activities, increase consumption of refined foods and snacks globally (Zimmet, 1999; Zimmetet al., 2001). Thyroid hormones, namely Triiodothyronine (T3) and Thyroxine (T4); either or both of which may be elevated or reduced have both direct and indirect effect on blood glucose homeostasis (Udionget al., 2007).

    Elevated levels of free circulating thyroid hormones (hyperthyroidism) produce hyperglycemia by causing polyphagia, enhancing glucose absorption from gastro-intestinal tract, accelerating insulin degradation and stimulating glycogenolysis (Webb,2004).Reduced level of the hormones hypothyroidism may cause hypoglycemia (Webb,2004; Cooper, 2003). Hypothyroidism, the most commonly diagnosed thyroid dysfunction has greater implications for Type2 diabetic in whom there is pre-existing dyslipidemia and risk of cardiovascular disease (Cooper, 2003; Rama et al; 2003; Johnson, 2006). Moreover, thyroid hormones have significant effects on the synthesis, mobilization and metabolism of lipid (Dias et al., 2011; Murray et al., 2000).

    As a prelude to other parts of this study, this chapter will discuss the background upon which this study was initiated, the statement of problems that led to this study, the Aim and Objectives of the study. Others are Significance of the study, Scope of work, Research hypothesis and questions, Limitations of the Study and Definition of technical terms.

    CHAPTER TWO

    2.0 Literature Review

    2.1 Introduction

    This chapter focuses on the review of related literature. A literature review includes the current knowledge as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topic. It documents the state of the art with respect to the topic you are writing. It surveys the literature in the topic selected. In this research work the literature review includes the …

    Summary Headlines for Evaluation of Thyroid Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetic Patients



      NEED HELP? CALL US 24/7:
      +234 803 051 1988