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Impact of Competitive Marketing on Performance of Multinational and Indigenous Food and Beverage Manufacturing Companies in Nigeria

Impact of Competitive Marketing on Performance of Multinational and Indigenous Food and Beverage Manufacturing Companies in Nigeria

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DEDICATION

This research material, titled “Impact of Competitive Marketing on Performance of Multinational and Indigenous Food and Beverage Manufacturing Companies in Nigeria” is dedicated to God for His boundless grace and guidance. It is also a tribute to all computer enthusiasts whose contributions made my research journey smoother and enriched my documentation process, making the experience truly fulfilling.



ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am profoundly grateful to everyone who contributed to the successful completion of this project. I am especially grateful to my Supervisor (Name), the Head of Department (Name), and the Lecturers in the Department of Business Administration and Management (BAM) for their invaluable guidance and support. I also acknowledge the contributions of authors and scholars whose works on Impact of Competitive Marketing on Performance of Multinational and Indigenous Food and Beverage Manufacturing Companies in Nigeria provided essential insights. Special thanks go to my study area (and any funding organizations, if applicable) for their financial assistance. I am equally thankful to stakeholders, including mentors, teachers, and colleagues, for their encouragement and support. Finally, I deeply appreciate my family and friends for their patience and unwavering support throughout this journey. Your contributions have been instrumental in making this research a reality.



TABLE OF CONTENTS

PRELIMINARY PAGES

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

    CHAPTER TWO

    LITERATURE REVIEW

    • 2.1 Introduction
    • 2.2 Conceptual Review
    • 2.3 Theoretical Framework
    • ⋮
    • 2.4 Empirical Studies
    • 2.5 Research Gaps
    • 2.6 Summary of Literature Review

    CHAPTER THREE

    RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

    • 3.1 Introduction
    • 3.2 Research Design
    • 3.3 Population of Study
    • 3.4 Sampling and Sampling Technique
    • 3.5 Validation of Research Instrument
    • 3.6 Method of Data Collection
    • 3.7 Method of Data Analysis
    • 3.8 Questionnaire Administration
    • 3.9 Ethical Consideration
    • 3.10 Statistical Analysis

    CHAPTER FOUR

    DATA ANALYSIS, RESULT AND DISCUSSION

    • 4.1 Introduction
    • 4.2 Presentation and Analysis of Data
    • 4.3 Re-statement of Research Questions
    • 4.4 Test of Hypotheses
    • 4.5 Discussion of Findings

    CHAPTER FIVE

    SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

    • 5.1 Introduction
    • 5.2 Summary of Findings
    • 5.3 Conclusion
    • 5.4 Recommendation
    • 5.5 Suggestion for Further Study

    REFERENCES

    APPENDIX A - “QUESTIONNAIRE”


    ABSTRACT

    This study was carried out on River Atuwara in Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria with the aim of developing a coefficient of re-aeration model applicable to River Atuwara and other rivers in the Nigerian environment. This was achieved by sourcing for data once every month from 22 sampling locations of interest within a pre-selected segment of the river over a period covering the dry and wet seasons. The data collected include hydraulic data (depth, width, velocity and time of travel) and water quality data such as Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD). Excel Spreadsheet and MATLAB were used for data processing. Regression analysis was carried out where stream velocity and depth were the regressors and the re-aeration constant k2 (as a function of BOD, DO and Temperature) was the dependent variable.

    A coefficient of re-aeration, k2, (Atuwara re-aeration model) was developed and validated statistically. Its performance was also verified by comparing the model with 10 other internationally recognized models. It was found that even though Atuwara model performed better than Agunwamba model and most of the other well cited models, both Atuwara model and Agunwamba model could be safely adopted for future water quality modelling researches in the Nigerian environment.

    Results of detailed water analysis of samples from River Atuwara shows high level of pollution hence it is unfit for human consumption without adequate treatment. It is recommended that River Atuwara and similar rivers in the country should be regularly monitored for quality control.


    Impact of Competitive Marketing on Performance of Multinational and Indigenous Food and Beverage Manufacturing Companies in Nigeria

    CHAPTER ONE

    Introduction

    1.1 Background Information

    Fresh water sources can be broadly categorized into groundwater and surface water (Chapman, 1992). Surface water can again be sub-divided into ‘‘running’’ surface water bodies and ‘‘stationary’’ surface water bodies. Examples of the former include rivers, streams, and brooks while examples of the latter include lakes and ponds. The most abused of all surface water bodies are the running surface water bodies because people tend to believe that by disposing their wastes into these running water, they have been rid of their waste disposal problems. In spite of its relative abundance, water is still a very scarce resource when it is needed in its fresh form because 97.5% of all available water is salt water (Krantz and Kifferstein, 2007; UNESCO, 2006). Of the remaining 2.5%, 70% of it is frozen in the polar ice caps. The other 30% is mostly present as soil moisture or is trapped in underground aquifers. In the end, only 0.007% of all water on earth is readily accessible as fresh water for direct human use (UNESCO, 2006; Krantz and Kifferstein, 2007).

    1.1.1 Water Sources Distribution in Nigeria

    Record shows that 29% of Nigerians live in the rural areas, 33% reside in small towns and 38% live in the urban areas (FGN, 2000). World Bank (2005) also revealed that 91% of Nigerians living in the rural areas (which translate to 37 million Nigerians, using the 2006 census data) had no access whatsoever to treated water. Most Nigerians derive their water from surface water (springs/stream/rivers), hand dug wells, rain harvesting, pipe borne water, boreholes and vendors (FGN, 2000). It is estimated that 48% (about 67 million) Nigerians harness surface water for their domestic needs, 57% (79 million) use groundwater, 20% (27.8 million) harvest rain, 14% (19.5 million) have access to pipe borne water while 14% use boreholes (FGN, 2000). According to Ahianba et al., (2008) 33.82% (47.3 million) Nigerians depend exclusively on surface water for their domestic water supply, 28.27% (39.3 million) on hand dug well sources, 24.38% (33.9 million) on pipe borne water, 11.83% (16.4 million) on borehole water and 1.7% (2.4 million) on water vendors (Fig. 1.1). Another interesting statistic suggests that 54.6% (75.9 million) Nigerians use pit latrines exclusively, 13.71% (1.91 million) use water closet exclusively, 0.58% (806,

    200) use the bucket system and 31.16% (43.3 million) Nigerians use other unsanitary methods (Fig 1.2). Some of these unsanitary methods include defecating in open fields and disposal into surface water bodies (Ahianba et al, 2008). When rain falls, all the defecations disposed on land get washed down into the surface water bodies as non-point source pollution. This is beside the pollution being discharged into surface water bodies by industries. It can be inferred, therefore, that 47.3 million Nigerians are potentially at risk of epidemic outbreak if our surface waters are not adequately protected through legislations guided by scientific facts.

    …

    CHAPTER TWO

    2.0 Literature Review

    2.1 Introduction

    This chapter focuses on the review of related literature. A literature review includes the current knowledge as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topic. It documents the state of the art with respect to the topic you are writing. It surveys the literature in the topic selected. In this research work the literature review includes the conceputal review, theoretical framework, the review of related literature …

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