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The Impact of Leadership Styles on Staff Performance

The Impact of Leadership Styles on Staff Performance

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Reference ID: PS-7094-TM

DEDICATION

This research work titled "The Impact of Leadership Styles on Staff Performance" is dedicated to God for his enabling grace and to all computer enthusiasts who help to make life a pleasant experience.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I owe my indebtedness to my Supervisor (Name of your Supervisor), the Head of Department (Name of your HOD), the Lecturers in the department of Economics, Book Authors and Profound Scholars of existing/related research material for your moral support that facilitated the successful completion of my (Tertiary Institution level). I am grateful to God Almighty and my parent for their financial support in my career. I really appreciate you all for everything, Thank you very much.


The Impact of Leadership Styles on Staff Performance

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PRELIMINARY PAGES


CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

  • 1.1 Introduction
  • 1.2 Background of Study
  • 1.2.1 Brief Background of Imo State Polytechnic, Umuagwo and Its Library
  • 1.3 Statement of the Problem
  • 1.4 Aim and Objective of the Study
  • 1.5 Research Questions
  • 1.6 Research Hypothesis
  • 1.7 Significance of Study
  • 1.8 Scope of Study
  • 1.9 Limitations of the Study
  • 1.10 Operational Definition of Terms

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

  • 2.1 Introduction
  • 2.2 Concept of Leadership
  • 2.3 The Use of Theories and Principles in Understanding Leadership Style
  • 2.4 The Trait Approach to Leadership
  • 2.5 The Behavioural Approach to Leadership
  • 2.6 The Situational Approach
  • 2.7 Contingency Theories
  • 2.8 Basic Leadership Styles
  • 2.8.1 Authoritarian Style
  • 2.8.2 Democratic or Participative Style
  • 2.8.3 Laissez Faire or Free-Reign Style
  • 2.9 Choosing a Leadership Style
  • 2.10 Managing Employee in Organization
  • 2.11 Theoretical Framework
  • 2.11.1 Leadership Theories
  • 2.11.2 Transformational leadership
  • 2.11.3 Transactional Leadership
  • 2.12 Conceptual Review of Transformational Leadership
  • 2.13 Overview of Organizational Performance
  • 2.13.1 Performance Evaluation
  • 2.13.2 Methods of Performance Evaluation
  • 2.14 Summary

CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

  • 3.1 Introduction
  • 3.2 Research Design
  • 3.3 Population of Study
  • 3.4 Sampling Technique
  • 3.5 Research Instrument
  • 3.6 Method of Data Collection
  • 3.7 Method of Data Analysis
  • 3.8 Questionnaire
  • 3.8.1 Interview
  • 3.8.2 Key Informants Interview
  • 3.8.3 Observation
  • 3.9 Ethical Consideration
  • 3.10 Statistical Analysis

CHAPTER FOUR

PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA

  • 4.1 Introduction
  • 4.2 Presentation and Analysis of Data
  • 4.3 Test of Hypotheses
  • 4.4 Discussion of Findings

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

  • 5.1 Introduction
  • 5.2 Summary
  • 5.3 Conclusion
  • 5.4 Recommendation

REFERENCES

APPENDIX A - “QUESTIONNAIRE”

ABSTRACT

Leadership style is the way which influence process is exercised. It is the characteristics ways in which the leadership relates to their employees. The study was carried out to investigate the Impact of Leadership Styles on Staff Productivity Performance in Imo State Polytechnic Library. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to find out the impact of Leadership Styles on Staff productivity and performance in this library and factors responsible for the choice of leadership style in the library of Imo state polytechnic, Umuagwo. The research design used in this report is descriptive design, utilizing questionnaire method to obtain information from the respondents for this project. Primary data were collected from the primary source which questionnaire was used as an instrument of data collection while secondary data were sources from textbooks, journals, newspapers and the internet were employed. The data were presented on a frequency distribution table and analyzed using simple percentage, while hypothesis was tested using chi-square test. As documented in literature, many leadership styles exist and there is confusion in determining the most suitable styles for leading employees to achieve their desired level of performance or goals in their respective organizations. This research work carefully looked at the Impact of Leadership Styles on Staff Productivity Performance in Imo State Polytechnic Library, Umuagwo. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that leaders should consider the situations, the nature of the employees, their feeling and the type of goals assigned to the employee before choosing any leadership style.


The Impact of Leadership Styles on Staff Performance

CHAPTER ONE

1.1 Introduction

Leadership covers a very conspicuous position of group or organizational conduct. It is the heart of an organization, which without; organization or group cannot properly function. It is obvious, that leadership ensures orderliness in an organization when an economic venture is undertaken by an organization with a view to maximizing economic opportunities it calls for person to supervise, direct, control, and co-operation to ensure effectives. Leadership cannot be completely delineated from management, though the former can be spoken of in relation to unorganized groups, while the later exist in an organized structure.

As a prelude to other parts of this study, this chapter will discuss the background upon which this study was initiated, the statement of problems that led to this study, the Aim and Objectives of the study. Others are Significance of the study, Scope of work, Research hypothesis and questions, Limitations of the Study and Definition of technical terms.


1.2 Background of Study

Leadership is an essential tool in every human organization. It provides the guide and motivation necessary for the success of any organization. Thus, leadership exists even in the library. The concept of leadership has been variously defined. Each definition is field to the author’s educational and professional background.

In the words of cole (2001), the word “leadership” is a dynamic process in a group whereby an individual influences others to contribute voluntarily to the achievement of group tasks in a given situation.

According to “katz and Kalia” cited in Onwubiko (2004), “leadership is the act or process of influencing people so that they strive willingly towards an organizational objective.

Leadership, according to “Ifidon and Ifidon” (2007) is: The act or process of influencing staff so that they will willingly and enthusiastically work with zeal and confidence towards the accomplishment of the library's objectives.

Leadership has also been described as the process of motivating other people to act a participate way in order to achieve goals. From whatever point it is approached leadership entails influencing other people not only to willingly work, but also work with zeal and confidence. “Zeal” on the other hand, is the enthusiasm and intensively in the exaction of works, while “confidence” reflects expertise and experience.

Leadership in library setting entails that a librarian-manager influences and motivates his/her subordinates in a way that enhances goal achievement. Every librarian —manager adopts an appropriate style that will enable him to influence the subordinates towards achieving the goals and objectivity of the library. The style is referred to as “Leadership style” Leadership style therefore, is the way and manner in which a librarian manager influences and motivates his/her subordinates. Leadership style according to “Opaleke” (2012) is a powerful tool that can motivate subordinates to put in their best in any given establishment.

There are so many leadership styles available to managers, leaders and librarians managers across the globe. According to Onwubiko (2004) , the leadership styles available to a librarian manager include: The employee oriented style, the consultative style, the exploitative and authoritative style, the participative style and benevolent styles.

According to the above, “Ifidon and Ifidon” (2007) identified other leadership styles as: the traditional, experimental and human relations styles. There are several factors that influence the choice of leadership style. Onwubiko (2004) opines that the choice of leadership styles is influenced by the type of staff in the library, working environment in the library and suittional issues. Leadership styles adopted in a library context can motivate the staff, build on their confidence to work and draw up their zeal. It is a tool for encouragement to the staff of the library. Although, leadership style has both positive and negative influence on the staff and their productivity, the impact of Leadership Styles on employee productivity and performance in the library of Imo state polytechnic, Umuagwo.


1.2.1 Brief Background of Imo State Polytechnic, Umuagwo and Its Library

Imo state polytechnic was formerly Micheal Okpara college of Agriculture umuagwo. Its library is as old as the institution. It was opened in 1982. The library suffered a setback, resulting from poor funding and inadequate library building.

This situation lasted until 2000/2001 when the education Trust Fund (ETF) built a befitting library for the college. The library is in the core academic area which shields in a serene area which shields it from noise and distraction. The library is convenient for learning and research. Membership of the library in free and open to all students, academic staff and senior administrative and teaching staff of the polytechnic.

The library is open during semester session. Mondays- Fridays 8am-9pm and on Saturdays 8am - 12noon. The library does not open on holidays and public holidays. The library has an audio visual centre which serves the studying and other department and also lecturers borrow their teaching and learning aids from this unit.


1.3 Statement of the Problem

Leadership styles in the library in supposed to motivate the staff into been productive and perform optimally. Also, it is supposed to create a conclusive environment that enhances the productivity of the staff.

Personal observation has shown that the staff of the library has not performed effectively and their productivity has not been encouraging. So many fingers points to the leadership and the leadership style adopted in the library. It is on this not that the study is proposed to investigate the impact of Leadership Styles on the productivity and performance of staff in the library of Imo state Polytechnic, Umuagwo.


1.4 Aim and Objective of the Study

The aim of the study is to investigate the Impact of Leadership Styles on Staff Productivity Performance in Imo State Polytechnic Library. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out as follows:

  1. To find out the library of Imo state polytechnic, Umuagwo.
  2. To find out the factors responsible for the choice of leadership style in the library.
  3. To find out the impact of Leadership Styles on Staff productivity and performance in this library.
  4. To find out problem associated with choosing a leadership style in the library under study.
  5. To proffer solutions to the identified problems.

1.5 Research Questions

The study came up with research questions so as to be able to ascertain the above stated objectives. The specific research questions for the study are stated below as follows:

  • What are the leadership styles available to the library of Imo state Polytechnic, Umuagwo?
  • What are the factors responsible for the choice of leadership style in the library?
  • What are the impact of Leadership Styles on Staff productivity and performance in this library?
  • What are the problems associated with choosing a leadership style in the library under study?
  • What are the preferable solutions to the identified problems?

1.6 Research Hypothesis

In order to pursue the objective of this study, the following generalized statements have been designed to guide and aids in obtaining the result for the experiment to be conducted. For this work, the null hypothesis will be represented with H0 while the alternative hypothesis will be represented with hypothesis H1.

Hypothesis One

  • H0: There is no relationship between transformational leadership style and employee attitude to work in Imo State Polytechnic Library
  • H1: There is relationship between transformational leadership style and employee attitude to work in Imo State Polytechnic Library

Hypothesis Two

  • H0: There is no relationship between transactional leadership style and employee attitude to work in Imo State Polytechnic Library
  • H1: There is relationship between transactional leadership style and employee attitude to work in Imo State Polytechnic Library

Hypothesis Three

  • H0: There is no relationship between transformational leadership style and employee commitment in Imo State Polytechnic Library
  • H1: There is relationship between transformational leadership style and employee commitment in Imo State Polytechnic Library

Hypothesis Four

  • H0: There is no relationship between transformational leadership style and employee attitude to work in Imo State Polytechnic Library
  • H1: There is relationship between transformational leadership style and employee attitude to work in Imo State Polytechnic Library

1.7 Significance of Study

The study will increase the publications in leadership style as in the case of polytechnic library. Again, it will shed light on the impacts of closing Leadership Styles on the productivity and performance of employees in the library.

It will expose the factors that are responsible for the choice of leadership in the library of Umuagwo Polytechnic. The problems associated with the leadership style in the library will be highlighted and solutions preferred.


1.8 Scope of Study

The study focuses on the Impact of Leadership Styles on Staff Productivity Performance in Imo State Polytechnic Library, Umuagwo.


1.9 Limitations of the Study

During the course of this study, many things militated against its completion, some of which are:

  1. Time Constraint: The time frame given to accomplish this project was very short due to school academic calendar and it was carried out under pressure which made the researcher not to implement some necessary features.
  2. Establishment Policies: Establishment policies posed a serious limitation as most staffs are not ready to release information needed for this project work. There were lots of information needed from the staffs of this establishment to enhance the study which took them time to release or they did not release at all for security purposes, hence the scope was reduced.
  3. Research material: availability of research material is a major setback to the scope of the study.
  4. Frequent power failure: This made the researcher append more money on fuel to ensure sustainable power.
  5. Financial Constraint: Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (internet, questionnaire and interview).

1.10 Operational Definition of Terms

Leadership Style: As use in this study, implies the way which influence process is exercised. It is the characteristics ways in which the leadership relates to his subordinates or employees.

Effectiveness: This implies the ability of an organization in achieving its objective. It is doing the right thing.

Efficiency: This is the optimum level o9f a given resources which the organization may fully utilize to produce a given unit of output/ waste. However, it is act of doing things right.

Employee Performance: This is the employee's behavior directed towards the requirement of the job as well as productivity and profitability of the organization. It involves the employee utilized potentials towards attainment of the organizational goal.

Goal Congruence: This is as used in this work refers to the agreement of employer and employee towards the achieving the goal of the organization. It is harmonious activities between the organizational policy and the employee so as to obtain the required targets.

Organization: This is the coalescing of sub-system so as to achieve specified objectives. It is a system of critically co-ordinate activities of two or units.

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature Review

2.1 Introduction

This chapter focuses on the review of related literature. A literature review includes the current knowledge as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topic. It documents the state of the art with respect to the topic you are writing. It surveys the literature in the topic selected. In this research work the literature review includes the …

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