1.1 Introduction
Bacteria are microscopic living organisms, usually one celled that can be found everywhere. They can be dangerous, such as when they cause infection of beneficial as in the process of fermentation (such as in wine production) and that of decomposition. Bacteria are single celled microbes. The cell structure is simpler that of other organisms as there is no nucleus or membrane bound organelles. Some of the bacteria have an extra circle of genetic material called as plasmid. The plasmid often contains genes that give the bacterium some advantage over other bacteria. Cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr) and lead (Pb) are the heavy metals of most concern because they can affect human health even in small quantities. In addition, Atafar et al. (2010) were also observed that application of some non-heavy metal fertilizers can potentially increase concentrations of Cd, Cr, and Pb in plants.
As a prelude to other parts of this study, this chapter will discuss the background upon which this study was initiated, the statement of problems that led to this study, the Aim and Objectives of the study. Others are Significance of the study, Scope of work, Limitations of the Study and Definition of technical terms.
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