1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background of Study
According to Njoku, (2005) one can say that the journey of a document is not an easy one, but could be by saying that the security of a document is an easy one if certain principles are adhered to.
Causes and effects of leakages of confidential information has remained un-rectifiable factor in business organizations, and also professional offices. But the vent and channels through which these matters get out of place remains the bane of some productive organizations. This is because important files or figures are exposed to those who are not supposed to have access to them.
Confidential information is those official issues with paramount importance to business organizations. Also they can be those private matters appertaining to office affairs, which also could be seen as the life wire of a business. And because of its importance should be kept away from the limelight of the general public.
Leakages of confidential information are the unauthorized disclosures of certain information or bringing them to limelight of those who are not supposed to have access to them. If the information is mismanaged and there is leakage, there would be exceptional great damage to the organization (Ihekwoaba, 2005).
Business organizations are body of persons organized for some commercial activities aimed at making profit for themselves; it can be publicly or partly owned. There is a “maxim” that says business is “secret”, therefore official issues which are matters that are very important to the organization should be kept secret.
Causes and effects of leakages of confidential information are believed to be numerous, but some of them will be elaborated to the best of my knowledge. Confidential information should not be kept at the reach of everybody in the organization. This is because they form major part of management decisions and actions. The causes of information leakage must be those who have access to them.
Therefore, in Nigeria where the research was carried out, the activities that was conducted is to know the Causes and Effects of Confidential Information Leakages in Business Organization.
1.2 Statement of Problems
Investigation revealed that the causes and effects of leakages of confidential information have always been of great concern to both private and public business organizations. It is an amazing thing to some of the Directors and Managers to discover, that it is within their midst that those highly important facts of the organization get out of place.
In some instances, their subordinate like the secretary, clerk, typist and manager are also accused of being responsible for the circulation of confidential information in the organization. The perpetrators of this act have persistently continued to device a new means of getting access to official issues. This study is embodied on, to find out the best way of keeping official secret intact and raid of disclosures.
1.3 Aim / Purpose of the Study
The major aim or purpose of this study was to determine the causes and effects of leakages of confidential information in business organizations.
1.4 Objectives of Study
Specifically the study will attempt to;
- Determine the concept of official secrets
- Identify workers who would be responsible for the act of leakages
- Identify sources of official secrets in business organizations
- Determine the consequences of leakages of confidential information in business organizations
- Evaluate how confidential information can be controlled and protected.
- Proffer remedies
1.5 Research Questions
The study came up with research questions so as to be able to ascertain the above stated objectives. The specific research questions for the study are stated below as follows:
- What is the concept of official secret?
- How can you identify the sources of official secrets in business organizations?
- How can confidential information be controlled and protected?
- Who are those responsible for leakages of confidential information?
- What are the consequences of information leakages in business organizations?
- What are the remedies?
1.6 Significance of the Study
The worthwhileness of this piece of work has put in place the need to state some of the significance leakages of confidential information business organizations. Because of the strategic nature of the information, over the years, organizations have spent tremendous amount of money (resources) in hope to protecting their important information.
However, efforts have been made in focused on preventing outsiders from hawking into the organizations, educating and securing data at rest. According to analyst, the majority of all leakages are as a result of unintentionally information loss from employees and partners, both internal and external. The average information leakage costs organization approximately N182 per record (according to pneumonic institution).
The high cost of a breach can have a profound effect on organizations, market presence, and competitive advantages as a result of damage to brand and reputation and loss of customers. As organizations invest millions in business systems, increasing availability information to build or maintain a competitive edge there, remain a slew of security related considerations.
1.7 Scope of the Study
The scope of this study is specifically on causes and effects of leakages of confidential information in business organizations. The study covered three selected business organizations in Owerri, Imo State. The organizations include Nigerian Bottling Company (coca-cola), Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN), and Nigerian Tele-communication Plc (NITEL).
1.8 Limitations of the Study
In the process of carrying out this study, a lot of unit action came up as limiting forces and they include the following forces.
- Lack of adequate fund to cover great part in the case of interview and observations.
- Restrictions possessed by some Executives and Secretaries in the company who are unwilling to give out information freely.
- Shortness of time also affected the research work negatively.
1.9 Definition of Terms
Computer: Is an electronic device which is capable of solving complex problem quickly and accurately
Data Processing: Is the process of collecting, recording, filling, calculating and disseminating of facts related to the physical event occurring in business.
Mainframe: Is the generic name used for the first generation f computers that are known more for the size than for its computing power
Software: These are non-hardware components of a computer in particular, the program that help computer perform its operation.
Internet: Is a global heterogeneous network of computer system that shares a common protocol.
System: Is an assembly of part where the component or part that are connected together in an organized way.
