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Phytochemical Constituents and Antioxidant Activities of the Chloroform Extract of Ocimum Gratissimum Plant (Scent Leaf)

Phytochemical Constituents and Antioxidant Activities of the Chloroform Extract of Ocimum Gratissimum Plant (Scent Leaf)

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DEDICATION

This research material, titled “Phytochemical Constituents and Antioxidant Activities of the Chloroform Extract of Ocimum Gratissimum Plant (Scent Leaf)” is dedicated to God for His boundless grace and guidance. It is also a tribute to all computer enthusiasts whose contributions made my research journey smoother and enriched my documentation process, making the experience truly fulfilling.



ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am profoundly grateful to everyone who contributed to the successful completion of this project. I am especially grateful to my Supervisor (Name), the Head of Department (Name), and the Lecturers in the Department of Biochemistry for their invaluable guidance and support. I also acknowledge the contributions of authors and scholars whose works on Phytochemical Constituents and Antioxidant Activities of the Chloroform Extract of Ocimum Gratissimum Plant (Scent Leaf) provided essential insights. Special thanks go to my study area (and any funding organizations, if applicable) for their financial assistance. I am equally thankful to stakeholders, including mentors, teachers, and colleagues, for their encouragement and support. Finally, I deeply appreciate my family and friends for their patience and unwavering support throughout this journey. Your contributions have been instrumental in making this research a reality.



TABLE OF CONTENTS

PRELIMINARY PAGES

CHAPTER ONE

  • 1.0 Introduction
  • 1.1 Ocimum Gratissimum
  • 1.2 Phytochemical
  • 1.3 Classes of phytochemicals
  • 1.3.1 Alkaloids
  • 1.3.2 Flavonoids
  • 1.3.3 Saponin
  • 1.3.4 Tannin
  • 1.3.5 Terpenes
  • 1.3.6 Phenolics
  • 1.4 Mechanism of action of phytochemicals
  • 1.4.1 Anti-oxidant

CHAPTER TWO

  • 2.0 Literature Review2.1 Plant material collection and identification
  • 2.2 Apparatus used
  • 2.3 Chemicals and reagents
  • 2.4 Preparation of plant extract
  • 2.5 Qualitative phytochemical screening
  • 2.5.1 Test for Alkaloids(Wagner's test)
  • 2.5.2 Test for Saponin (Froth test)
  • 2.5.3 Test for Tannin
  • 2.5.4 Test for Flavonoids
  • 2.5.5 Test for Phytosterols
  • 2.5.6 Test for Phenols
  • 2.6 Quantitative analysis and Anti-oxidant activity of O.gratissimum
  • 2.6.1 Estimation of total flavonoids
  • 2.6.1.1 Preparation of sample
  • 2.6.1.2 Preparation of quercetinstandard calibration curve
  • 2.6.2 Determination of tannins concentration
  • 2.6.2.1 Preparation of sample
  • 2.6.2.2 Preparation of tannic acid standard calibration curve
  • 2.6.3 Determination of total Phenol content
  • 2.6.3.1 Preparation of sample
  • 2.6.3.2 Preparation of gallic acid standard
  • 2.6.4 Determination of Saponin concentration
  • 2.6.5 Determination of Alkaloid concentration
  • 2.6.6 Ferric Reducing Power Assay
  • 2.8 Gas Chromatography- Mass SpectrometryCHAPTER THREE
  • 3.0 RESULTS
  • 3.1 Qualitative phytochemical screening of O.gratissimum
  • 3.2 Quantitative/anti-oxidant analysis of O. Gratissimum
  • 3.2.1 Total flavonoid content
  • 3.2.2 Total tannin content
  • 3.2.3 Total Phenol content
  • 3.2.4 Total saponin content
  • 3.2.5 Total alkaloid content
  • 3.1.3 Reducing power assay
  • 3.2 GC-MS analysis

CHAPTER FOUR

  • 4.0 Discussion, conclusion and recommendation
  • 4.1 Discussion
  • 4.2 Conclusion
  • 4.3 Recommendation

REFERENCES

APPENDIX.


ABSTRACT

Since ages, many plants have been used for preservative and medicinal purposes due to the presence of secondary metabolites referred as Phytochemicals. Phytochemicals are biologically active plant compounds having disease hampering capabilities and preservative action. The genus Ocimumcontains more than 200 species of herbs and shrubs which have been shown to have medicinal properties and also are used as a culinary herb, preservative and flavoring agents. In this study chloroform extracts from the leaves of Ocimumgratissimum was investigated for their phytochemical constituent (both quantitative and qualitative) and antioxidant activity. GCMS analysis was carried out to ascertain the specific amount and specific active component present in the leaf sample.

The extract was screened for the presence of phenols, alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, and Saponins. The test results were positive for all the phytochemicals,saponin and phytosterols which were absent qualitatively. The antioxidant activity was measured by the ferric reducing power assay, estimation of total flavonoids, saponins, tannins and phenols. The GC-MS analysis of the leaf sample suggested the presence ofthymol, alpha-carophyllene, phenol etc. The present investigation suggests that the phytochemical contents and antioxidant properties can be further studied for its application in health and in food industries. In addition, this plant can be used as a source of novel drugs for the treatment of infectious diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms.


Phytochemical Constituents and Antioxidant Activities of the Chloroform Extract of Ocimum Gratissimum Plant (Scent Leaf)

CHAPTER ONE

1.1 Introduction

… As a prelude to other parts of this study, this chapter will discuss the background upon which this study was initiated, the statement of problems that led to this study, the Aim and Objectives of the study. Others are Significance of the study, Scope of work, Research hypothesis and questions, Limitation of the study and Definition of technical terms.…

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature Review

2.1 Introduction

This chapter focuses on the review of related literature. A literature review includes the current knowledge as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topic. It documents the state of the art with respect to the topic you are writing. It surveys the literature in the topic selected. In this research work the literature review includes the conceputal review, theoretical framework, the review of related literature …

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