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Phytochemical Constituents of the Hexane Extract of Ceiba Pentandra Plant (Totoro Leaves)

Phytochemical Constituents of the Hexane Extract of Ceiba Pentandra Plant (Totoro Leaves)

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DEDICATION

This research material, titled “Phytochemical Constituents of the Hexane Extract of Ceiba Pentandra Plant (Totoro Leaves)” is dedicated to God for His boundless grace and guidance. It is also a tribute to all computer enthusiasts whose contributions made my research journey smoother and enriched my documentation process, making the experience truly fulfilling.




ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am profoundly grateful to everyone who contributed to the successful completion of this project. I am especially grateful to my Supervisor (Name), the Head of Department (Name), and the Lecturers in the Department of Biochemistry for their invaluable guidance and support. I also acknowledge the contributions of authors and scholars whose works on Phytochemical Constituents of the Hexane Extract of Ceiba Pentandra Plant (Totoro Leaves) provided essential insights. Special thanks go to my study area (and any funding organizations, if applicable) for their financial assistance. I am equally thankful to stakeholders, including mentors, teachers, and colleagues, for their encouragement and support. Finally, I deeply appreciate my family and friends for their patience and unwavering support throughout this journey. Your contributions have been instrumental in making this research a reality.




PRELIMINARY PAGES


CHAPTER ONE

  • 1.0 Introduction
  • 1.1 Aim of the Study
  • 1.2 Literature Review
  • 1.3 Macro and Micro elements
  • 1.4 Phytochemicals

CHAPTER TWO

  • 2.0 Materials and Methods
  • 2.1 Materials Used
  • 2.2 Reagents Used
  • 2.3 Identification and Preparation of plant materials
  • 2.4 Sample preparation
  • 2.5 Phytochemical analysis
  • 2.5.1 Qualitative analysis
  • 2.5.1.1 Test for Alkaloids
  • 2.5.1.2 Test for Glycosides and Steroids
  • 2.5.1.3 Test for Terpenoids
  • 2.5.1.4 Test for Saponin
  • 2.5.1.5 Test for Phenol
  • 2.5.1.6 Test for Tannins
  • 2.5.2 Quantitative analysis
  • 2.5.2.1 Estimation of total flavonoids
  • 2.5.2.2 Preparation of Quercetin
  • 2.5.2.3 Determination of tannin concentration
  • 2.5.2.4 Preparation of tannic acid standard curve
  • 2.5.2.5 Determination of Saponin concentration
  • 2.5.2.6 Determination of Alkaloid concentration
  • 2.5.2.7 Determination of total phenolic content
  • 2.5.2.8 Preparation of standard for gallic acid
  • 2.5.2.9 Determination of ferric reducing power
  • 2.5.2.10 Gas chromatography, mass spectroscopic analysis

CHAPTER THREE

  • 3.0 Results

CHAPTER FOUR

  • 4.0 Discussion and Conclusion
  • 4.1 Discussion
  • 4.2 Conclusion
  • 4.3 Recommendation

REFERENCES

APPENDIX



ABSTRACT

Ceiba pentandra (totoro) is a plant that is very popular in African Traditional medicine and it belongs to the family of Bombacaceae. The matured tree is as much as 56 m high, with long cylindrical and huge buttresses to 8 m high and wide spreading. It is the largest tree of the West African region and it occurs throughout the continent.

Qualitative analysis indicated that the leaves contained alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, Saponin, glycoside, tannin. Quantitative analysis showed that Alkaloids (3.4%), Saponins (6.6%), Flavonoids (0.21mg/ml), Tannins (0.85%), Phenol (0.013mg/ml). It was observed that Saponin and Alkaloids have the highest level of presence when compared to other constituents present. Phenol and Flavonoid also have the lowest level of concentration in hexanolic extract of Ceiba pentandra.



Phytochemical Constituents of the Hexane Extract of Ceiba Pentandra Plant (Totoro Leaves)


1.1 Introduction

… As a prelude to other parts of this study, this chapter will discuss the background upon which this study was initiated, the statement of problems that led to this study, the Aim and Objectives of the study. Others are Significance of the study, Scope of work, Research hypothesis and questions, Limitation of the study and Definition of technical terms.…


CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature Review

2.1 Introduction

This chapter focuses on the review of related literature. A literature review includes the current knowledge as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topic. It documents the state of the art with respect to the topic you are writing. It surveys the literature in the topic selected. In this research work the literature review includes the conceputal review, theoretical framework, the review of related literature …


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Defense Procedure for Biochemistry Researchers


In preparation for defending a project or seminar on Phytochemical Constituents of the Hexane Extract of Ceiba Pentandra Plant (Totoro Leaves), it is imperative that as a nursing student, you demonstrate comprehensive knowledge of your research. The defense process is structured to include presenting your work, answering questions, and illustrating its pertinence. Initially, provide a succinct yet thorough introduction to your research topic, emphasizing its importance and the objectives, ensuring that both the audience and the External Examiner can understand the scope of your study.


Prior to your defense, be thoroughly acquainted with your research abstract and the critical elements of Chapter One, including motivation for embarking on this research, problem statement, objectives, and significance. In Chapter Two, be ready to cite at least two references from the literature review. For Chapter Three, you should be equipped to discuss the methodologies, tools, and techniques utilized. In Chapter Four, defend your research by justifying the findings and linking them to your research objectives.


Conclude your defense by succinctly summarizing the study and offering insightful, evidence-based recommendations. A professional dress code, such as wearing a suit and tie, is vital to create a favorable impression and elevate your presentation.


During the question and answer segment, the External Examiner may pose questions pertaining to your research. If confronted with a challenging or irrelevant question, respond diplomatically with, “Sorry, Sir/Madam, the question asked is beyond the scope of my study.” Whenever possible, direct your answers back to your research findings to reinforce your expertise.


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