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Problem of Personal Income Tax Generation and Administration

Problem of Personal Income Tax Generation and Administration

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Reference ID: PS-24007-TM

DEDICATION

This research work titled "Problem of Personal Income Tax Generation and Administration" is dedicated to God for his enabling grace and to all computer enthusiasts who help to make life a pleasant experience.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I owe my indebtedness to my Supervisor (Name of your Supervisor), the Head of Department (Name of your HOD), the Lecturers in the department of Taxation, Book Authors and Profound Scholars of existing/related research material for your moral support that facilitated the successful completion of my (Tertiary Institution level). I am grateful to God Almighty and my parent for their financial support in my career. I really appreciate you all for everything, Thank you very much.


Problem of Personal Income Tax Generation and Administration

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PRELIMINARY PAGES


CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

  • 1.1 Introduction
  • 1.2 Background of Study
  • 1.3 Statement of Problem
  • 1.4 Aim and Objectives of Study
  • 1.5 Research Questions
  • 1.6 Research Hypothesis
  • 1.7 Significance of Study
  • 1.8 Scope of Study
  • 1.9 Limitations of the study
  • 1.10 Definition of Terms

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

  • 2.1 Introduction
  • 2.2 Conceptual Review
  • 2.3 Overview of Revenue Generation
  • 2.4 Theoretical Framework
  • 2.4.1 Tax Generation and Tax Administration
  • 2.4.2 Personal Income Tax
  • 2.4.3 Tax Avoidance/Evasion and Revenue Generation
  • 2.4.4 Absence of Information Technology on Revenue Generation
  • 2.5 Empirical Review

CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

  • 3.1 Introduction
  • 3.2 Research Design
  • 3.3 Population of Study
  • 3.4 Sampling and Sampling Technique
  • 3.5 Validation of Research Instrument
  • 3.6 Method of Data Collection
  • 3.7 Method of Data Analysis
  • 3.8 Questionnaire
  • 3.8.1 Interview
  • 3.8.2 Key Informants Interview
  • 3.8.3 Observation
  • 3.9 Statistical Analysis

CHAPTER FOUR

DATA ANALYSIS, RESULT AND DISCUSSION

  • 4.1 Introduction
  • 4.2 Presentation and Analysis of Data
  • 4.3 Test of Hypotheses
  • 4.4 Discussion of Findings

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

  • 5.1 Introduction
  • 5.2 Summary
  • 5.3 Conclusion
  • 5.4 Recommendation

REFERENCES

APPENDIX A - “QUESTIONNAIRE”

ABSTRACT

Tax Revenue Generation is a complete amount of money that is generated during a specific time or period. The study scrutinizes the Problem of Personal Income Tax Generation and Administration. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to ascertain whether there are really problems in personal income tax collection and administration, investigate and identify the factors that causes the problems, find out how these problems have affected the work of the board of internal revenue, and determine the effectiveness and efficiency of personal income tax collection and administration in Nigeria. The research design used in this report is descriptive design, utilizing questionnaire method to obtain information from the respondents for this project. A total of 150 (one hundred and fifty) respondents were selected for this study to represent the entire population of the study. For null hypotheses were formulated and tested using the one-way ANOVA and the t-test statistical tools at 0.05 level of significance. Primary data were collected from the primary source which questionnaire was used as an instrument of data collection while secondary data were sources from textbooks, journals, newspapers and the internet were employed. The data were presented on a frequency distribution table and analyzed using simple percentage, while hypothesis was tested using chi-square test. The significance of tax is shown by the fact that one of the problem inherent in any federal system of government is the allocation of taxing powers between the federal and state government.


Problem of Personal Income Tax Generation and Administration

CHAPTER ONE

1.1 Introduction

Tax revenue utilization is a basis for supporting developmental activities in less developed economies. That is why different countries in the world today have different fiscal policies that enable them to explore various types of taxation and impose them on their citizens for the purpose of enhancing revenue generation so that to consolidate their economy. Therefore government of Nigeria, as one of those countries, through legislative powers has impose on its citizens forms of tax at whatever rate it deems appropriate (Worlu & Emeka, 2012).

As a prelude to other parts of this study, this chapter will discuss the background upon which this study was initiated, the statement of problems that led to this study, the Aim and Objectives of the study. Others are Significance of the study, Scope of work, Research hypothesis and questions, Limitations of the Study and Definition of technical terms.


1.2 Background of Study

In all generation, the problem of personal income tax generation and administration continues to surface in one form or another in virtually every society, especially in this part of the world. It is important to point out that the federal government has taken adequate steps towards effective tax administration. The failure on the part of the federal positions of both the state and local government. Besides the inadequate planning and absolute laws governing taxation, evaluation and collection is characterized by chaos. This chastic nature of the system can be appreciated by political influences in the process of taxation during the civilian administration in the country which gave being entrusted with the work of collection and administration of personal income tax. The importance of these issues to tax administration in the developing countries like Nigeria can be seen from the following extracts from tax administration in other developed countries. The tax administration finds himself working with a staff which is inefficient, in experienced and poorly paid.

The value of an effective personal income tax collection and administration cannot be over emphasized. There have been increases in the demand for governmental service or the masses. Government is expected to satisfy collective wants, regulate the economic and social policies of the nations.

Against this background of continuous increase trends in government responsibilities and expenditure are all levels of government. Nigeria has been fast dwindling finances for the past few years. The internal generated revenue have been inadequate to meet up the numerous demand and obligations.

Therefore, in Nigeria where the research was carried out, the activities that was conducted is to know the Problem of Personal Income Tax Generation and Administration.


1.3 Statement of Problem

The research work primary involves identifying the problem of personal income tax generation and administration in Nigeria taking a case study of board of internal revenue, Enugu-North local government area. These problems include the following:

  1. Improper system of keeping account and records in the internal revenue office which was seen to be quite mechanical and out dated
  2. Lack of staff and adequate training of the available tax collectors
  3. No enlightenment on the part of tax payers as regards to the importance of taxation and administration in Enugu North local government area.
  4. The corrupt alliance of tax collectors with tax payers to avoid tax for them (tax collectors) to make fast money.
  5. Another back bone of the problem worth mentioning is the uniformed penalties on tax defaulters, thus lack of enforcement power on the board make tax laws useless and not serious to tax offenders/defaulters.

Since these problems have been identified, the researcher considers it necessary to survey as such as possible to find solution preferred for solving the problems which will make for higher level of efficiency in the personal income tax generation and administration in Enugu North in particular and Nigeria in general.


1.4 Aim and Objectives of Study

The aim of the study is to scrutinize the Problem of Personal Income Tax Generation and Administration. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out as follows:

  1. To ascertain whether there are really problems in personal income tax collection and administration.
  2. To investigate and identify the factors that causes the problems.
  3. To find out how these problems have affected the work of the board of internal revenue
  4. To determine the effectiveness and efficiency of personal income tax collection and administration in Nigeria with Enugu North Board of internal revenue as a case study
  5. To recommend measures overcome or minimize these problems of personal income tax generation and administration in Nigeria.

1.5 Research Questions

The study came up with research questions so as to be able to ascertain the above stated objectives. The specific research questions for the study are stated below as follows:

  • Does the effectiveness and efficiency impact the personal income tax collection and administration?
  • Does any person assessed to tax, pays what he or she is asked to pay?
  • Does a tax collector pay the collected taxes to the board all that they collected from citizens?
  • Does Tax Collectors record taxes collected from citizens in record books?
  • Is there any significant problem in personal income tax collection and administration?
  • What are the factors instigating the problems of personal income tax collection?
  • What are the problems that have affected the work of the board of internal revenue?

1.6 Research Hypothesis

In order to pursue the objective of this study, the following generalized statements have been designed to guide and aids in obtaining the result for the experiment to be conducted. For this work, the null hypothesis will be represented with H0 while the alternative hypothesis will be represented with hypothesis H1.

Hypothesis One

  • H0: The system of keeping account and records in the Board of internal revenue office in Enugu North local government area is not rudimentary.
  • H1: The system of keeping account and records in the Board of internal revenue office in Enugu North local government area is rudimentary.

Hypothesis Two

  • H0: The internal Revenue office in Enugu North Local Government area is not under staffed and ill-equipped.
  • H1: The internal Revenue office in Enugu North Local Government area is under staffed and ill-equipped.

Hypothesis Three

  • H0: The tax payers in Enugu North Board of internal revenue are not enlightened enough to know the importance of taxation.
  • H1: The tax payers in Enugu North Board of internal revenue are enlightened enough to know the importance of taxation.

1.7 Significance of Study

Income tax is very important, because it is a source to that link both the state and federal government budgets. The taxes collected come to the tax payers in the form of social amenities provided by the government. Income tax was encouraged or discouraged some activities in private sectors, depending upon whether the policy of the government is towards discouraging or encouraging such companies. It reduces that net return on investment and also decreases the balance available for private savings. It is an all pervading subject which affects the live of nearly everybody and no major accountant or legal problem can be satisfactory solved without a consideration of its tax aspect.

Income tax also has some effect on population movement and the extent of business carried on. A state with low income tax rate will find that more people are moving into that state, while traders will leave states with high income tax rate or engage in various schemes of tax avoidance and evasion. The significance of tax is also shown by the fact that one of the problem inherent in any federal system of government is the allocation of taxing powers between the federal and state government.


1.8 Scope of Study

The study focuses on the Problem of Personal Income Tax Generation and Administration in Nigeria using Enugu North Board of internal revenue as a case study.


1.9 Limitations of the Study

During the course of this study, many things militated against its completion, some of which are:

  1. Time Constraint: The time frame given to accomplish this project was very short due to school academic calendar and it was carried out under pressure which made the researcher not to implement some necessary features.
  2. Research material: availability of research material is a major setback to the scope of the study.
  3. Frequent power failure: This made the researcher append more money on fuel to ensure sustainable power.
  4. Financial Constraint: Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (internet, questionnaire and interview).

1.10 Definition of Terms

The following terms are defined in respect to the study for quick understanding:

Fairness: This means a good tax system should be one that allows citizens to pay according to their ability. Taxes paid by the rich and the poor must have a clear difference, the rich should pay more than the poor.

Neutrality: This means a tax system that is good must be minimal in its effect on the optimum allocation of resources. It should not alter the market mechanism, that is, its effect may fall on demand and supply. It should not as well lead to loss in total output by adversely affecting.

Convenience: This means the tax payment is a burden at the point of payment, although the payer may accept the fairness of the tax he is paying. To collect tax at the most convenient point and time, reduces losses that may be encountered as a result of evasion and make the whole system simple.

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature Review

2.1 Introduction

This chapter focuses on the review of related literature. A literature review includes the current knowledge as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topic. It documents the state of the art with respect to the topic you are writing. It surveys the literature in the topic selected. In this research work the literature review includes the …

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