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Semen Quality and Haematological Characteristics of Exotic and Crossbred Boars Exposed to Different Durations of Thermal Stress in the Humid Tropics

Semen Quality and Haematological Characteristics of Exotic and Crossbred Boars Exposed to Different Durations of Thermal Stress in the Humid Tropics

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DEDICATION

This research material, titled “Semen Quality and Haematological Characteristics of Exotic and Crossbred Boars Exposed to Different Durations of Thermal Stress in the Humid Tropics” is dedicated to God for His boundless grace and guidance. It is also a tribute to all computer enthusiasts whose contributions made my research journey smoother and enriched my documentation process, making the experience truly fulfilling.




ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am profoundly grateful to everyone who contributed to the successful completion of this project. I am especially grateful to my Supervisor (Name), the Head of Department (Name), and the Lecturers in the Department of Agricultural Engineering (AE) for their invaluable guidance and support. I also acknowledge the contributions of authors and scholars whose works on Semen Quality and Haematological Characteristics of Exotic and Crossbred Boars Exposed to Different Durations of Thermal Stress in the Humid Tropics provided essential insights. Special thanks go to my study area (and any funding organizations, if applicable) for their financial assistance. I am equally thankful to stakeholders, including mentors, teachers, and colleagues, for their encouragement and support. Finally, I deeply appreciate my family and friends for their patience and unwavering support throughout this journey. Your contributions have been instrumental in making this research a reality.




ABSTRACT

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of 45 and 60 minutes of exposure of crossbred (LW x Local) and exotic (LW) boars to tropical solar radiation on their body temperature pattern, libido, semen quality and haematological profile. 12 LW x Local and 12 LW boars of 10 months old were used for the experiment. The experiment was carried out in the Piggery Unit of the Department of Animal Science Farm, University of Nigeria, Nsukka for a period of eight weeks (4 weeks for the exposure and, another 4 weeks for the boars to recover). The results showed that, in the exposure period, the rectal temperature of the boars exposed to solar radiation significantly (P<0.05) increased from 36.80 ± 0.360C to 41.88 ± 0.470C in LW x Local and 37.23 ± 0.360C to 42.04 ± 0.240C in LW boars and these changes varied significantly (P<0.05) between the durations of the exposure.

The hyperthermic state of the exposed boars adversely affected the libido, semen quality and haematological characteristics. Specifically, the values for sperm progressive motility, sperm concentrations, sperm abnormalities, reaction time, and ejaculation time were significantly (P<0.05) affected between genotypes and between durations of exposure to thermal treatments. The interactions effects of genotype and duration of exposure (G x D) were highly significant (P<0.01) in all these parameters. Total volume of ejaculate was significantly (P<0.01) higher in LW boars than LW x Local, while volume of gel-fraction, strained ejaculate and semen pH were not significantly (P>0.05) different between genotypes and between durations of exposure. G x D interaction also had no significant effect on these parameters. Total ejaculate volume was not significantly (P<0.05) affected by durations of exposure and G x D interaction. Erythrocyte count, PCV, Hb concentration, MCV, MCH and MCHC were significantly
different (P< 0.05) between genotype and between durations of exposure to thermal stress. G x D interaction significantly (P< 0.05) influenced these parameters. In the recovery phase, the two genotypes were reared under average ambient temperature of 26.100C.

They returned to their normal body temperature of 37.00 ± 0.190C and 36.97 ±0.200C for LW x Local and LW boars respectively within period of one hour after withdrawal of heat stress. The LW x Local boars recovered much more rapidly (30-40 minutes) than LW (45 -60 minutes). The LW x Local boars recovered much faster than the LW in most of the semen quality and haematological traits under both durations of exposure. The crossbred pigs returned to their post exposure values from the 2nd week for …



Semen Quality and Haematological Characteristics of Exotic and Crossbred Boars Exposed to Different Durations of Thermal Stress in the Humid Tropics


1.1 Introduction

… As a prelude to other parts of this study, this chapter will discuss the background upon which this study was initiated, the statement of problems that led to this study, the Aim and Objectives of the study. Others are Significance of the study, Scope of work, Research hypothesis and questions, Limitation of the study and Definition of technical terms.…


CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature Review

2.1 Introduction

This chapter focuses on the review of related literature. A literature review includes the current knowledge as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topic. It documents the state of the art with respect to the topic you are writing. It surveys the literature in the topic selected. In this research work the literature review includes the conceputal review, theoretical framework, the review of related literature …

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Defense Procedure for Agricultural Engineering Researchers


In preparation for defending a project or seminar on Semen Quality and Haematological Characteristics of Exotic and Crossbred Boars Exposed to Different Durations of Thermal Stress in the Humid Tropics, it is imperative that as a nursing student, you demonstrate comprehensive knowledge of your research. The defense process is structured to include presenting your work, answering questions, and illustrating its pertinence. Initially, provide a succinct yet thorough introduction to your research topic, emphasizing its importance and the objectives, ensuring that both the audience and the External Examiner can understand the scope of your study.


Prior to your defense, be thoroughly acquainted with your research abstract and the critical elements of Chapter One, including motivation for embarking on this research, problem statement, objectives, and significance. In Chapter Two, be ready to cite at least two references from the literature review. For Chapter Three, you should be equipped to discuss the methodologies, tools, and techniques utilized. In Chapter Four, defend your research by justifying the findings and linking them to your research objectives.


Conclude your defense by succinctly summarizing the study and offering insightful, evidence-based recommendations. A professional dress code, such as wearing a suit and tie, is vital to create a favorable impression and elevate your presentation.


During the question and answer segment, the External Examiner may pose questions pertaining to your research. If confronted with a challenging or irrelevant question, respond diplomatically with, “Sorry, Sir/Madam, the question asked is beyond the scope of my study.” Whenever possible, direct your answers back to your research findings to reinforce your expertise.


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