1.1 Introduction
Quantum cryptography is based on the phenomena of quantum physics which allows secure data transmission between sender and receiver. Quantum cryptography constitutes a revolution in the field of network security. Quantum cryptography is a latest and advanced branch of cryptography its basis lays in the two beliefs of quantum technicalities: Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle and principle of photon polarization (Gisin, Ribordy et al. 2002). Cryptography in information system is the science of using mathematics to encrypt and decrypt data. Cryptography is the art and science of keeping messages secure. The art and science of concealing the messages to introduce secrecy in information security is recognized as cryptography. Cryptography is the science of securing data, cryptanalysis is the science of analyzing and breaking secure communication. Classical cryptanalysis involves an interesting combination of analytical reasoning, application of mathematical tools, pattern finding, patience, determination, and luck. Cryptanalysts are also called attackers. Cryptology embraces both cryptography and cryptanalysis. As civilizations evolved, human beings got organized in tribes, groups, and kingdoms.
As a prelude to other parts of this study, this chapter will discuss the background upon which this study was initiated, the statement of problems that led to this study, the Aim and Objectives of the study. Others are Significance of the study, Scope of work, Limitations of the Study and Definition of technical terms.
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