1.1 Introduction
Sexuality Education is sometimes called sex education. It is also about developing young people’s skills so that they make good choices. Sexuality Education is a broad term used to describe the study of the characteristics of beings; a male and a female. Such characteristics make up the person’s sexuality (Burt 2011). Sexuality Education is the acquisition of knowledge that deals with human sexuality. It consists of instruction on the development of an understanding of the physical, mental, emotional, social, economic and psychological phases of human relations as they are affected by sex in other words, Sexuality Education involves providing children with knowledge and concept that will enable them make informed and responsible decisions about sexual behaviors at all stages of their lives (Abogunri, 2005).
As a prelude to other parts of this study, this chapter will discuss the background upon which this study was initiated, the statement of problems that led to this study, the Aim and Objectives of the study. Others are Significance of the study, Scope of work, Research hypothesis and questions, Limitations of the Study and Definition of technical terms.
1.2 Background of Study
Access to effective, broadly based sexual health education is an important contributing factor to the health and well-being of youths’ (Health Canada, 2003; Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada, 2004). It is widely accepted that children have a right to Sexuality Education (Sickkid staff, 2019). It is a means by which they are helped to protect themselves against abuse, exploitation, unintended pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases. Providing an effective Sexuality Education helps to meet young people’s right to have their sexuality and relationship they want to contribute to adolescents full social and economic potential, young people need the knowledge and skills to make choices about when to have sex and how to protect themselves (Mueller, 2014).
School-based programes are an essential avenue for providing sexual health education to young people in the society. However, sex education is considered as a top priority for the educators, public health professionals, and others who are committed to providing high quality sexual health education in schools and other community settings are often asked to explain the rationale, philosophy, and content of providing existing sexual health education programs to avert risky behaviour later in their lifetime.
The Nigerian society today has to grapple with many behavioural problems of its youths (Alan, 2010). Apart from these widely publicized behavioural problems, heterosexual activities are also listed among types of behavioural problems prevalent in Nigerian Secondary Schools and that, these variously named in the literature as sex abuse, sex offences, sexual misconduct, sexual immorality, sexual promiscuity and sexual maladjustment (Susan and Wilson, 2016). However, Sexuality Education can play a major role in helping teenagers make healthy and responsible decisions about sex, by providing them with the information and skills they need to delay sexual activities to protect themselve (Cynthia, 2017).
The consequence of this action is that Nigerian adolescent boys and girls find answers to sex-related questions on their own, often from questionable sources that are likely to give them wrong information, making them more likely to indulge in reckless and unguarded sexual experimentation. Some adolescents lack adequate communication and assertiveness skills to negotiate safer sex (Abogunrin, 2006). Some feel unable to refuse unwanted sex or feel compelled to exchange sex for money. Because young people experiment sexually and because of the consequences of indiscriminate sexual activities on the youth, there is the need to mount sex education programmes that are geared towards enlightenment and appropriate education about sex and sexuality (Nwabuisi, 2004).
Finally, as the world becomes more interconnected than ever before, young people the world over are requesting credible and accessible information on sexuality and reproductive health. They need information not only about physiology and a better understanding of the norms that society has set for sexual behaviour, but they also need to acquire the skills necessary to develop healthy relationships and engage in responsible decision-making about sex, especially during adolescence when their emotional development accelerates.
Therefore, in Nigeria where the research was carried out, the activities that was conducted is to know the Impact of Home Sexuality Education on Teenagers’ Risky Sexual Behaviour.
1.3 Statement of Problems
Investigation revealed that adolescents problems are rooted to the background of their upbringing which is the main causes of the risky sexual behaviour which they exhibits within and outsides the society. Many parents lack knowledge on when and how to start teaching their children about sex. They also do not know the importance of Sexuality Education. In some cultures, Sexuality Education is seen as taboo.
Risky sexual behaviour is a major health issue in every society and adolescents have been victims of sexual risky behaviours across several communities in Ibadan especially within and around the various secondary schools and universities Ibadan, Oyo state.
The implication of household women engaging in risky sexual behaviour is beyond infections or contacting HIV and other form of STDs which it may lead to the death of parents and this could directly affect the survival of their children while leaving the children as orphans or as street beggar which can expose the children to the dangers that can even ruin their life completely.
The failures of sex education prompted wrong signal which is the risky behaviour exhibited both the household women and the adolescence which affect their reproductive system later in life. Apart from unwanted pregnancy resulting from unprotected sexual intercourse as an under-age parents, as a result of semi-formal or lack of sex education through the protracted stage of any of the deadly attracted diseases among the subject in question which cannot be overemphasized due to complete lack of treatment to expunge all forms of diseases in the body of the adolescence.
However, having assessed the whole lots of predicaments experienced by adolescence within the community of the great city of Ibadan, it is worth of necessity to educate the people around the sine through the process of enlightened the youth with the great Borden in me to share this core values of life which triggered my burning desire to embark on this theme to be studied.
1.4 Aim and Objectives of Study
The aim of the study is to investigate the Impact of Home Sexuality Education on Teenagers’ Risky Sexual Behaviour. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out as follows:
- To find out the types and the risky sexual behaviour among households and secondary school adolescents in Ibadan;
- To determine the level of sexual abstinence among adolescents in secondary schools;
- To investigate if sexuality education has significant impact to households and adolescents in secondary schools; and
- To assess if there would be any significant gender difference among households and adolescents risky sexual behaviour in Ibadan.
1.5 Research Questions
The study came up with research questions so as to be able to ascertain the above stated objectives. The specific research questions for the study are stated below as follows:
- Does sexuality education have any significant impact to households and adolescents in secondary schools?
- Would there be any significant gender difference among households and adolescents risky sexual behaviour in Ibadan?
- What are the types and the risky sexual behaviour among households and secondary school adolescents in Ibadan?
- What is the level of sexual abstinence among adolescents in secondary schools?
1.6 Research Hypothesis
In order to pursue the objective of this study, the following generalized statements have been designed to guide and aids in obtaining the result for the experiment to be conducted. For this work, the null hypothesis will be represented with H0 while the alternative hypothesis will be represented with hypothesis H1.
Hypothesis One
- H0: There is no significant gender difference among households and adolescents risky sexual behaviour in Ibadan
- H1: There is significant gender difference among households and adolescents risky sexual behaviour in Ibadan
Hypothesis One
- H0: Sexuality education does not have any significant impact to households and adolescents in secondary schools
- H1: Sexuality education has significant impact to households and adolescents in secondary schools
1.7 Significance of Study
This study will shed more light on the expected benefits of sexuality education on risky sexual behaviour among adolescents and household in Ibadan north local government area.
- It helps the adolescence and the household women to avoid negative health consequences by protecting themselves against sexually risky behaviour in the society.
- It aids the community to use the weapon of communication about sexuality on sexual health issues to the adolescence and household women as one of the core values which can uphold the inheritance of the community through these agents such as parents, friends, intimate partners and social media like radio, television etc about sexuality.
- Comprehensive sexual health education teaches abstinence as the only 100 percent effective method of preventing HIV Aids, STIs, and unintended pregnancy and as a valid choice which everyone has the right choice to make among the adolescences.
- This study is focusing on a comprehensive sexual health education that teaches not only the basics of puberty and development of the students, but also instils in young people that they have the right to decide on what behaviours they should engage in and to say no to unwanted risky sexual activity and finally;
- The public health authorities, social workers and policy makers would greatly benefit from this study which would stands out as a major pointer for effective control and strategies for tackling sexually transmitted diseases.
1.8 Scope of Study
The scope of the research is focused on the Impact of Home Sexuality Education on Teenagers’ Risky Sexual Behaviour. The study will be limited to the range of twenty (20) selected households’ women and ninety (113) in adolescents’ school within (S.S. 1-3) in Ibadan North Local Government Area of Oyo State.
1.9 Limitations of the Study
During the course of this study, many things militated against its completion, some of which are:
- Time Constraint: The time frame given to accomplish this project was very short due to school academic calendar and it was carried out under pressure which made the researcher not to implement some necessary features.
- Research material: availability of research material is a major setback to the scope of the study.
- Frequent power failure: This made the researcher append more money on fuel to ensure sustainable power.
- Financial Constraint: Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (internet, questionnaire and interview).
1.10 Definition of Terms
Sexuality Education: It refers to the knowledge of participants with regard to sexual activities including safe and protected sexual intercourse, knowledge of STDs, and unprotected sexual intercourse.
Household: This refers to every adult who is married either man or woman that merit participation in this study.
Education: Education is viewed as the process of inviting truth and possibility. It is the wise, hopeful and respectful cultivation of learning undertaken in the belief that all should have the chance to share in life.
Adolescents: Refers to students between the ages ranges of 13 years old to 19 years old in secondary schools.
