1.1 Overview
One of the major functions of any government especially developing countries such as Nigeria is the provision of infrastructural services and social amenities such as hospitals, schools, good roads, electricity, pipe borne water, security of life and properties and to also ensure a rise in the per capital income, the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and poverty alleviation to mention a few as stated by Soyode and Kajola (2006).
For these services to be adequately provided, the government should have enough revenue to finance the provision of these necessities in the economy. The task of financing these enormous responsibilities is one of the major problem or challenges facing the government of Nigeria. Based on the limited resources of government, there is the need to involve the citizens of the nation in this development through the imposition of tax on all taxable individuals and companies to boost and increase government financial position.
To this end, the government has always enacted various tax legislations or tax law and reformed existing ones to stand and meet the test of time.
They include; Companies Income Tax Act (CITA 1979) as stated by Ariwodola (2007), Income Tax Management Act (ITM), Joint Tax Board (JTB), Personal Income Tax Act (PITA1993) as posited by Ariwodola (2008).
All there are aimed at ensuring adherence to tax payment and discouraging tax evasion and avoidance, for the purpose of this study, the researcher would be concerned with the effects of taxation on the Nigerian economy.
1.2 Statement Of Problem
It is important to state that no tax system succeeds without the tax payer’s co-operation. Ezeali and Nwoba, (2012) stated that the primary objectives of taxation are not related to instability of income and employment. Instead, such a country faces a number of problems corrected with economic growth on one hand and removal of poverty and inequality on the other. In Nigeria, we have additional problems of chronic unemployment and regional disparity. Oriakhi (2002) stated the Nigerian economy is face with the vicious circle of poverty, non compliance with tax policies and the government has an active role in this task and the public through taxation.
Here, we can ask some thought provoking questions such as
- what makes taxation such a complex and difficult issue?
- Why do people feel cheated when it comes to tax?
- What are the effects of taxation on corporate bodies and individuals?
- The effect of taxation on economic development of the nation?
In view of the several questions and problems above, this study is carried out to offer solution to them.
We shall also look at the following issues and offer recommendation;
- Process of the administration in Nigeria
- Problem affecting the successful operation of tax system in Nigeria.
- Effects of taxation in Nigeria.
1.3 Objective Of The Study
The overall objective of the study is to determine and assess the effects of taxes towards the growth and development of the Nigeria economy.
This is assessing the various effects of taxation and the various tax policies to determine if they have resulted into positive or negative growth and development of the Nigerian economy over time.
However, the specific objective of this study includes;
- To examine the relevance of taxation in Nigeria.
- To determine the effects of taxation on production or national output.
- To know the effect of taxation on inflation rates in the Nigeria economy.
- To determine the effect of taxation on consumption patterns of the populace.
- To know the general desirability of firms to invest as a result of tax incentives measures.
- To assess the effect of taxation on savings, and investment in the Nigerian economy.
- To determine the effects of taxation on employment and salaries of working in Nigeria.
Generally, the work is done to determine and know if taxation forms a large part of government revenue and how the utilization of this revenue effectively to promote economic gainful activities, developments and to erase the erroneous belief that it is a means of exploitation by the government for their selfish interest.
1.4 Research Questions
The significant issues that must be considered to determine and understand the diverse effects of taxation in the goal and objective of achieving a diversified economic growth and development with stability in all sectors of the economy of Nigeria includes;
- Does the revenue generated from tax meet up with the commitment of the Nigerian Government?
- Does taxation ensures and encourages investments and savings?
- Do individuals and companies respond positively or negatively towards the payment of tax?
- Does taxation affect employment and production level in the economy?
- Does tax regulations and policies ensures efficiency of the tax system?
1.5 Hypothesis
To enable and aid the researcher test if there exist any relationship between revenue generated from taxation and its effects on the Nigerian economy, some statistical models for data collection and presentation will be used based on secondary data and information from relevant institution, the data gathered from here will be used to test the following hypothetical statement.
Hypothesis I:
- Null Hypothesis (Ho): Taxation has no effect on the growth and development of the economy.
- Alternative Hypothesis (HA): Taxation has effect on the growth and development of the economy.
Hypothesis II
- Null Hypothesis (Ho); Taxation has no significant effect on inflation rate in the Nigerian economy.
- Alternative Hypothesis (HA); Taxation has significant effect on inflation rate in the economy of Nigerian.
Hypothesis III
- Null Hypothesis (Ho); Taxation does not affect savings and investment in the economy.
- Alternative Hypothesis (HA); Taxation affect the rate of savings and investment in the economy.
1.6 Scope Of The Study
- The scope of this study covers critical examination of the effects of taxation on the Nigeria economy.
- It will also analyze the issue relating to the Nigerian tax a structure, sources of tax law, and policies and tax administration in Nigeria.
- It will provide insight on the various factors and their effects on the Nigerian tax system and economy.
- The work will cover the effect of taxation in Nigeria for 10 years period (2001-2010).
- The data would be collected through secondary data; using both internal and external secondary data including annual reports, bulletins, journal etc.
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