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Sparklyn The Effect of the Ethanolic Extract of Anchomanes Difformis (Blume) on Liver Functions of Adult Wistar Rats
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The Effect of the Ethanolic Extract of Anchomanes Difformis (Blume) on Liver Functions of Adult Wistar Rats


This page presents an excerpt of the research material, providing a comprehensive overview of the study. It includes the Preliminary Pages, Table of Contents, Abstract, Chapters One to Five, and References, making it accessible and informative for students, researchers, and other readers interested in the topic of this study. Acknowledgement is also included, expressing gratitude to the individuals, institutions, and resources that contributed to the successful completion of the research, with materials and information sourced from the online platform sparklyn.com.ng, which provided valuable academic support.


PRELIMINARY PAGES

  • Title page
  • Approval page
  • Dedication
  • Acknowledgement
  • Table of Contents
  • Abstract

CHAPTER ONE

  • 1.0 Introduction
  • 1.1 Medicinal plants
  • 1.1.2 History of medicinal plants
  • 1.2 Liver function test
  • 1.3 Aim of study

CHAPTER TWO

  • 2.0 Literature review
  • 2.1 Anchomanes Difformis
  • 2.1.2 Features
  • 2.1.3 Uses of Anchomanes Difformis
  • 2.1.4 Scientific studies on A.difformis
  • 2.2 The Liver
  • 2.2.1 Anatomy of the Liver
  • 2.2.2 Functions
  • 2.2.3 Cell types
  • 2.3 Evaluation of Liver functions
  • 2.4 Abnormal levels of liver enzymes
  • 2.4.1 Nonalcoholic fatty liver damage
  • 2.4.2 Alcohol
  • 2.4.3 Wilson disease
  • 2.4.4 Hepatits
  • 2.4.5 Cirhosis
  • 2.4.6 Medications
  • 2.5 Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)
  • 2.5 Functions
  • 2.5.1 Mechanism of action
  • 2.5.2 Clinical signifance
  • 2.6 Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)
  • 2.6.1 Functions
  • 2.6.2 Clinical significance
  • 2.7 Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)
  • 2.7.1 Physiology
  • 2.7.2 Elevation in ALP level
  • 2.8 Bilirubin
  • 2.8.1 Functions
  • 2.8.2 Clinical significance
  • 2.8.3 Abnormal Bilirubin level

CHAPTER THREE

  • 3.0 Materials and methods
  • 3.1 Apparatus and equipment
  • 3.2 Chemical reagents
  • 3.3 Collection and extraction of plant materials
  • 3.4 Practical history and Animal management
  • 3.5 Drug administration
  • 3.6 Sacrificing of rats
  • 3.7 Organ homogenization
  • 3.8 Biochemical analyses
  • 3.8.1 Bilirubin
  • 3.8.1.1 Principle
  • 3.8.1.2 Reagent composition
  • 3.8.1.3 Procedure
  • 3.8.2 Alanine aminotransferase
  • 3.8.2.1 Principle
  • 3.8.2.2 Reagent composition
  • 3.8.2.3 Procedure
  • 3.8.2.4 Calculation
  • 3.8.3 Alkaline phosphatase
  • 3.8.3.1 Principle
  • 3.8.3.2 Reagent composition
  • 3.8.3.3 Preparation of reagents
  • 3.8.3.4 Procedure
  • 3.8.3.5 Calculation
  • 3.8.4 Aspartate aminotransferase
  • 3.8.4.1 Principle
  • 3.8.4.2 Reagent composition
  • 3.8.4.3 Procedure
  • 3.8.4.4 Calculation

CHAPTER FOUR

  • 4.0 Results

CHAPTER FIVE

  • 5.0 Discussion, conclusion and recommendation
  • 5.1 Discussion
  • 5.2 Conclusion
  • 5.3 Recommendation

REFERENCES

APPENDIX


ABSTRACT


This research was carried out to determine the effect of administration of Achomanes Difformis (blume) on liver functions in adult wistar rat, in which 20 adult wistar rats were purchased at the institute of advanced medical research and training (IMRAT), UCH, Ibadan. The rats were grouped into 4 in which there is a control group in which the rats were placed on normal diet and water. Other groups (A, B and C) were administered 300mg/kg/b.wt, 500mg/kg/b.wt and 700mg/kg/b.wt respectively. The herb was administered for duration of 14 days. Their cages were cleaned every day maintain proper hygiene. The rats were sacrificed immediately after two weeks of drug administration. From the result obtained, the administration of Anchomanes difformis has a hepatotoxic effect. It showed that there was an insignificant increase (p>0.05) in the level of AST, ALT and ALP, and an insignificant decrease (p>0.05) in the level of Total and Direct Bilirubin in the plasma at different dosage rate of the herb, when compared to the control group. The result demonstrates that the ingestion of Anchomanes difformis has a hepatotoxic effect in adult wistar rat.



1.1 Introduction

In this section, The Effect of the Ethanolic Extract of Anchomanes Difformis (Blume) on Liver Functions of Adult Wistar Rats is discussed, with relevant and recent citations. As a prelude to other parts of this study, this chapter will discuss the background upon which this study was initiated, the statement of problems that led to this study, the aim and objectives of the study. Others are significance of the study, scope of work, research hypothesis and questions, limitation of the study and definition of terms.


CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW


2.1 Introduction

This chapter focuses on the review of related literature. A literature review presents current knowledge, as well as theoretical and methodological contributions, related to The Effect of the Ethanolic Extract of Anchomanes Difformis (Blume) on Liver Functions of Adult Wistar Rats. It documents the state of the art on the subject under study and provides a comprehensive survey of existing literature. In this research work the literature review includes the conceputal review, theoretical framework, the review of related literature …


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