1.1 Introduction
The availability of computer systems and their accessories plays a pivotal role in facilitating effective teaching and learning. Computer systems, inclusive of hardware and software components, serve as foundational tools that enable interactive and practical learning experiences. Accessories such as printers, projectors, scanners, and networking equipment further enhance the functionality and utility of these computer systems, creating a more immersive and hands-on educational environment.
The importance of having adequate computer systems and accessories in schools cannot be overstated. They not only support the curriculum but also prepare students for a technology-driven world, fostering skills that are essential for higher education and future employment. According to Adeyemo (2010), the availability and utilization of computers in schools significantly improve students' performance and engagement. Furthermore, the provision of well-equipped computer laboratories, access to the internet, and up-to-date software are crucial for conducting practical sessions that are integral to computer science education (Eze & Aduwa-Ogiegbaen, 2013).
As a prelude to other parts of this study, this chapter will discuss the background upon which this study was initiated, the statement of problems that led to this study, the Aim and Objectives of the study. Others are Significance of the study, Scope of work, Research hypothesis and questions, Limitation of the study and Definition of terms.
1.2 Background of Study
The advent of information and communication technology (ICT) has revolutionized various sectors, including education. in the 21st century, the integration of computer systems into educational institutions is no longer a luxury but a necessity. The effective teaching and learning of computer science in senior secondary schools are heavily reliant on the availability of computer systems and their accompanying accessories. These tools not only enhance instructional delivery but also prepare students for the digital demands of higher education and the workforce.
The journey of computer education in schools began in the late 20th century, with developed countries leading the way. in the 1980s and 1990s, countries like the United States, the United Kingdom, and several European nations began implementing computer literacy programs in schools. These initiatives were driven by the recognition that proficiency in computer use was becoming increasingly important in a rapidly digitizing world (Pelgrum & Law, 2003). Early efforts focused on basic computer literacy, teaching students how to use word processors, spreadsheets, and simple programming languages.
In developing countries, the adoption of computer systems in education has been more gradual and fraught with challenges. For instance, in Nigeria, the push for computer education in schools gained momentum in the early 2000s, following the global trend. The Nigerian government introduced policies aimed at integrating ICT into the education system, recognizing the critical role of technology in national development (Federal Republic of Nigeria, 2004). However, the implementation of these policies has been inconsistent, often hindered by factors such as inadequate funding, poor infrastructure, and lack of trained personnel (Ololube, 2006).
The best approach to effect study of computer depends on the extent of the practical aspect of teaching computer. The aspect of this study has to do with the availability of computer system and their accessories. Aneke I.C. (2005). Computer system is a programmable machine which responds to a specific set of instruction in a well defined manner. It can execute a pre − recorded list of instruction ( a program). The place of computer in education, like in any fields of human endeavor, has assumed an unimaginable dimension. Today, computers are used in various ways for teaching and learning in schools at various levels. Computes can now guide a learner through a course of instructions at a video display unit in such a manner that will facilitate the understanding of subject matter. This process helps to speed up the students learning process. This practice, unlike the case of human teacher gives the opportunity to re − learn any aspect of the subject matter as many times as he/she cleans it necessary. This process of learning is called computer − assisted learning (CAL).
Computer can also provide instructions to students, ask them questions (usually multiple choice question) mark the students responses, grade their performance and determine by itself whether to take the students to take the students to next level of study or repeat the previous portion of the lecture just concluded based on the students performance. This process of learning is called computer aided instruction (CAI). Apart from instructional programs, computers also make a lot of impacts I provision of educational materials. Computer transform school libraries into new information service unit. Through virtual library one oleos not need to go from one library to another in search of library materials. With just a press of button (keys on computer keyboard) or a click on the mouse the information will be at the disposal of the intended user. According to Aneke, accessories are those devices which are useful, helpful to the operation of computer. E.g. keyboard, scanner, printers, mouse, monitors etc.
Extent through which these accessories are seen in the tab is the major aim of these studies. Unavailability of computer accessories are of the problem facing Nigerian students at Enugu North in particular. In this sense that the hardly make use of the system due to non installation of these accessories in the computer. In other to maintain the of 32nd ministerial council meeting of the national council of education in 1987, which is to set-up computer study at the secondary school level. These accessories must be available to an extent that is to say that installation of accessories will enhance the smooth running of programs for the betterment of the students learning. This research work will provide necessary steps to the secondary schools and steps for maintenance of the available computer system and accessories.
1.3 Statement of Problems
Investigation revealed that one of the primary challenges is the inadequate funding for the acquisition and maintenance of computer systems and accessories. Many schools, particularly in developing regions, struggle with limited budgets that are insufficient to cover the costs of up-to-date technology. According to Ololube (2006), financial constraints are a significant barrier to the effective integration of ICT in Nigerian schools, leading to outdated and insufficient equipment.
Furthermore, the lack of trained personnel is a critical issue, as teachers without proper training cannot effectively integrate technology into their teaching practices (Eze and Aduwa-Ogiegbaen, 2013). Effective teaching of computer science requires teachers who are well-trained in both the subject matter and the use of technological tools. However, many schools face a shortage of qualified teachers with adequate ICT skills.
The researcher wishes to find the extent of availability of computer system in secondary school, in Enugu north by finding out of the number of computer system in the school will be enough for the student at the course of practical and the availability of the computer accessories In other to enhance effective program running in the system for the purpose of this work. The researcher has put some question to enable them set information at the course of the investigation.
1.4 Aim and Objectives of Study
The aim of the study is to find out the extent of availability of computer system and their accessories for effective teaching and learning in senior secondary schools under Enugu North Local Government Area. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out as follows:
- To investigate the availability and effectiveness of maintenance and technical support services for computer systems and accessories in schools;
- To evaluate the condition and usability of these accessories in facilitating effective teaching and learning;
- To investigate the current status of computer systems available in senior secondary schools;
- To assess the level of ICT training and preparedness among computer science teachers in senior secondary schools;
- To identify infrastructural challenges that impact the effective use of computer systems in education; and
- To provide recommendations for policymakers, school administrators, and educators on improving the availability and effective use of computer systems and accessories in secondary schools in the study area.
1.5 Research Questions
The study came up with research questions so as to be able to ascertain the above stated objectives. The specific research questions for the study are stated below as follows:
- What is the availability and effectiveness of maintenance and technical support services for computer systems and accessories in schools?
- What is the condition and usability of these accessories in facilitating effective teaching and learning?
- What is the current status of computer systems available in senior secondary schools?
- What are the infrastructural challenges that impact the effective use of computer systems in education?
- What is the level of ICT training and preparedness among computer science teachers in senior secondary schools?
1.6 Research Hypothesis
In order to pursue the objective of this study, the following generalized statements have been designed to guide and aids in obtaining the result for the experiment to be conducted. For this work, the null hypothesis will be represented with H0 while the alternative hypothesis will be represented with hypothesis H1.
Hypothesis One
- H0: There is no significant relationship between the availability of computer systems and the effectiveness of teaching computer science in senior secondary schools
- H1: There is a significant relationship between the availability of computer systems and the effectiveness of teaching computer science in senior secondary schools
Hypothesis Two
- H0: The availability of computer accessories does not significantly affect the learning outcomes of students in computer science in senior secondary schools
- H1: The availability of computer accessories significantly affects the learning outcomes of students in computer science in senior secondary schools.
1.7 Significance of Study
The study is expected to bring out results and good information on the extent of availability of computer system and their accessories for effective teaching and learning of computer science in senior secondary schools under Enugu north education zone. The findings of this study will be of benefits to students, teachers, and educational administrators. The students may stand to benefit when the computer system and their accessories are available in the lab for practical in order to enhance effective teaching and learning.
The teachers work will be made easier when instructional material are adequate and upgrade following stored information in the computer. This materials is of benefits to educational administrators to achieve their objectives which is to set-up computer study at the secondary school level as to well as devising clear strategies and technologies to be used by the federal and state government in introducing computer education in Nigeria. This strategy includes:
- Training teachers and associate personnel
- Hardware facilities
- Curriculum development
- Software development and evaluation
- Maintenance of hardware and peripherals.
1.8 Scope of Study
The scope of the research is focused on the extent of availability of computer systems and their accessories in senior secondary schools within Enugu North Local Government Area. The accessories expected to be seen in the schools include:
- Input devices such as keyboard, mouse etc.
- Output devices such as monitors, scanner,
- Installation of software including system and
- Application software.
- Equipped computer lab.
1.9 Limitations of the Study
During the course of this study, many things militated against its completion, some of which are:
- Time Constraint: The time frame given to accomplish this project was very short due to school academic calendar and it was carried out under pressure which made the researcher not to implement some necessary features.
- Financial Constraint: Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (internet, questionnaire and interview).
1.10 Definition of Terms
Computer Systems:
A computer system refers to the complete set of hardware, software, and peripheral devices that are used for processing, storing, and managing information. in the context of education, computer systems include desktop computers, laptops, and associated software that are used for teaching and learning purposes (Shelly & Vermaat, 2012).
Computer Accessories:
Computer accessories are supplementary devices that enhance the functionality of the main computer system. These include printers, scanners, projectors, external drives, keyboards, mice, and networking equipment such as routers and switches. These accessories support various educational activities, from printing assignments to displaying instructional materials (Stair & Reynolds, 2017).
Effective Teaching and Learning:
Effective teaching and learning refer to educational practices that result in desired learning outcomes, such as improved student understanding, engagement, and academic performance. in the context of computer education, it involves the integration of ICT tools and resources to facilitate interactive, student-centered learning experiences (Bransford, Brown, & Cocking, 2000).
Senior Secondary School:
Senior secondary school typically covers the final stage of secondary education, which includes grades 10 to 12 (or equivalent). This stage prepares students for higher education or vocational training and typically involves students aged 15 to 18 years (Federal Ministry of Education, 2004).
Infrastructure:
Infrastructure in the context of this study refers to the basic physical and organizational structures needed to operate computer systems effectively. This includes electricity supply, internet connectivity, physical space, and environmental conditions necessary for maintaining computer hardware (Ololube, 2006).
Digital Divide:
The digital divide refers to the gap between individuals, households, schools, or regions at different socioeconomic levels in terms of access to, use of, or knowledge of information and communication technologies. This divide can significantly affect the quality of education received by students in different settings (Van Dijk, 2006).
Teacher Preparedness:
Teacher preparedness indicates the extent to which teachers have the necessary skills, knowledge, and confidence to integrate ICT into their teaching practices effectively. This includes both pre-service training and ongoing professional development to keep abreast of technological advancements and pedagogical strategies (Ertmer & Ottenbreit-Leftwich, 2010).
Maintenance and Technical Support:
Maintenance refers to the regular upkeep required to keep computer systems and accessories in good working condition. Technical support involves the services provided to troubleshoot, repair, and upgrade computer systems and software. Effective maintenance and technical support are essential for minimizing downtime and ensuring the reliability of ICT resources in education (Laudon & Laudon, 2018).
