1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
A common and popular adage states that a tree cannot make a forest. Another similar one assets that no man is an island, because of some psychological, economical and biological limitations of the individual, it is unavoidable that individuals should cooperate with each other in order to be able to surmount the many problems facing them.Similarly, in the business world, the business manager is faced with lots of problems and tasks to perform in his organization. some of these problems are external while others are internal. As a result of this, the manager or who ever that is responsible must therefore prepare himself in order to compete favorably in the dynamic business environment so as to achieve the corporate objectives of the organization. But if he fails, it means that the organizations aim for going into the business is defeated.
Bearing in mind human limitations and its human beings are not “jacks of all trade and masters of all, hence the need for delegation of authority in the organization be encouraged.
This is so because whenever an organization changes its legal form of one man or small scale business to a two or more partnership, medium of large scale business, it inevitable grows to a point of impersonality. At this point, it is difficult for top management to know every one in the organization and exactly what they are doing or should be doing, nor is it possible any more to oversee the whole of this now extensive activities personality. Instead, various organizational techniques of which delegation is one used to spread the lad or break down the bulk of work to be done by the managers. The breaking down of the duties of the top management is done for a number of reasons raging for lack of enough time for the superior to attain to every task in the firm, lack of expertise in the various departments or for the purpose of training.
With delegation of authority in the organization, the workload of the manager is reduced or eased economically or otherwise. This is true because left alone, the managers cannot accomplish the entire task necessary for the attainment of the group goals, thus some of these have to be delegated to enable the delegate to work out the assigned tasks.
1.2 Statement of Problem
Today's managers have continually observed the lack as much as they could, they have not been able to properly motivated and make best use of the work force for greater performance.
Some firms even with the abundant resources both finance and materials, still experience poor performance due to lack of a well structural organization which is largely as a result of the inability of some managers to delegate authority to their subordinates. The problem of authority delegation in the organization has posed a very big problem to the smooth running of many organizations, as well as the government of the country.
It has become so enormous and has increases the complex of most organizations by creating relationship gap between managers and their subordinates and has inevitably has enormous impact on the overall performance of these organizations.
The pertinent question that comes to mind in case of appraising authority delegation as it affects the different organization is:
a) Have Nigeria managers understood the fact that workers yearn to be fully integrated in the scheme of things that determine their future.
b) What effect does delegation of authority have on the overall work force.
c) How best would a manager delegate authority without losing total control.
d) Why need for authority delegation.
1.3. Purpose / Objectives of the Study
a) Determining the causes and effects of inadequate or non-delegation of authority with special reference to PZ Nigeria Aba.
b) Determining the impact of the delegation of authority in PZ Aba.
c) To identify the better means of delegating authority with no adverse effect on the organization.
d) To evaluate the strength of authority delegation in PZ Aba.
1.4 Research Questions
The benefits cum importance of authority delegation in the organization cannot be over emphasized. Delegation of authority therefore serves as an effective tool for optimum productivity in an organization.
Based on the afore concept, the following research questions are formulated.
Does delegation of authority makes organizing less difficult
Has delegation of authority lead to effective and efficient attainment of organizational goal
Is delegation of authority necessary for managerial development
1.5 Significance of the Study
The impact of delegation of authority cannot be over emphases. It ensures managerial development as well as effective and efficiency in job performance as a result of the following:
a) Promotion of legible
b) Competent workers
c) Pay increase
d) Higher responsibilities
e) Better performance appraisal
f) Increase in job effectiveness etc.
While the PZ Nigeria Aba, organization will benefit from this study in the following ways:
a) The work will help the management of PZ Nigeria Aba appreciate the importance of delegation of authority in an organization.
b) It will help the organization to develop their workers as it also serves as on-the-line training.
c) The organization will through this study know the strength, that is their specialization and weakness of their workers.
d) The students of personnel and business management will see work as a reference work and a guide for further research.
1.6 Scope of the Study
This study is on the impact of delegation of authority in PZ Nigeria Aba, which deals with the process in which delegation of authority can be carried out in an organization, the requirement needed for effective delegation from the superior have to be met as the will have great impact on how delegated duties are performed.
The conditions under which delegations can fail due to poor understanding of the duties and responsibilities delegated of the superior to his subordinates in an organization. Also noted in some effects of non-delegation viz; good ideas often remain inexperienced because subordinates believed that will be punished for disagreement with the superior or showing too much competence.
1.7 Limitations of the Study
In the course of carrying out this research, the researcher encountered some difficulties which acted as limitations to the successful completion of the work.These are as follows:
1. Time constraint:
This research work was carried out during holidays with all its social activities including other problems thereby necessitating the disruption and jam¬¬ packing of academic work.
2. Finance:
The research was conducted at the time when the cost of living is very exorbitant hence high fare and this obstructed or limited the findings of the work.
3. Attitude:
Most information sought for are not to let out by the management. They keep on telling the researcher to wait for long or to call back with the view of frustrating his efforts. Distance:The place to get the required information for the progress of this work was too far.
1.8 Definition of Terms
1. Delegation:
This is the process by which a superior transfers part of his legitimate authority to a subordinate but without passing on the ultimate responsibilities which has been given to him by his own superior.
2. Authority:
The power granted by an organization to an individual to act in various specified ways.
3. Organization:
A pattern of ways in which large number of people engage in a complex task, relate to each other in conscious, systematic, establishment and accomplishment of mutually agreed purpose.
4. Organizing:
The process of creating a formal organizational structure or of breaking a task to be performed into sub-task.
5. Responsibility:
Performance area in which a person or unit is expected to produce result.
