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The Portrature of Government and the People in Okey Ndibes Arrow of Rain and Helon Habilas Waiting for an Angel

The Portrature of Government and the People in Okey Ndibe's Arrow of Rain and Helon Habila's Waiting for an Angel

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Reference ID: PS-23889-TM

DEDICATION

This research work titled "The Portrature of Government and the People in Okey Ndibe’s Arrow of Rain and Helon Habila’s Waiting for an Angel" is dedicated to God for his enabling grace and to all computer enthusiasts who help to make life a pleasant experience.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I owe my indebtedness to my Supervisor (Name of your Supervisor), the Head of Department (Name of your HOD), the Lecturers in the department of Linguistics and Communication, Book Authors and Profound Scholars of existing/related research material for your moral support that facilitated the successful completion of my (Tertiary Institution level). I am grateful to God Almighty and my parent for their financial support in my career. I really appreciate you all for everything, Thank you very much.

ABSTRACT

Okey Ndibe’s Arrows of Rain reveals the terrible effects of military rule in the fictitious state of Madia. Okey Ndibe portrays poor governance and corruption as the root causes of alienation and despair in Arrows of Rain. He shows that these factors instill senses of alienation and despair in the victims by subjecting them to pain and suffering. Ndibe’s portrayal of corrupt leaders in the novel reflects Fanon’s views on independent states. The aim of the study is to explore the Portrature of Government and the People in Okey Ndibe's Arrow of Rain and Helon Habila's Waiting for an Angel. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to explore how Okey Ndibe portrays despotism as the main causes of alienation and despair in the characters depicted in Arrows of Rain, examine the essay examines the frustration, anger and helplessness that characterize the individuals who engage in protest in the novel, and investigates how the author represents the enduring effects of alienation and despair in his work. Data were collected from the primary source which questionnaire was used as an instrument of data collection while secondary data were sources from textbooks, journals, newspapers and the internet were employed. This study will be of immense benefit to researchers who intend to know more on this study and can also be used by non-researchers to build more on their research work. This study contributes to knowledge and could serve as a guide for other study.


The Portrature of Government and the People in Okey Ndibe’s Arrow of Rain and Helon Habila’s Waiting for an Angel

CHAPTER ONE

1.1 Introduction

This essay explores themes of alienation and despair in Okey Ndibe’s Arrows of Rain. The main argument is that in this novel, Okey Ndibe depicts poor governance, political oppression, economic exploitation and suppression of human rights as the main causes of alienation and despair among the characters, and presents prostitution and mental derangement as some of the manifestations of the alienation and despair. The essay also argues that Okey Ndibe portrays alienation and despair as existential themes in the novel and he does that by presenting self-isolation, absurdity and meaninglessness of life. Abrams (1999) asserts that in the existential philosophya human being is viewed

as an isolated existent who is cast into an alien universe, to conceive the universe as possessing no inherent truth, value, or meaning, and to represent human life in its fruitless search for purpose and meaning, as it moves from the nothingness whence it came toward the nothingness where it must end- as an existence which is both anguished and absurd (p. 1).

As Sawawa & Neimneh (2016) put it, “man’s existence is absurd because his contingency finds no external justification” (p. 109).In this essay I am interested in examining this assertion in Ndibe’s Arrows of Rain.

History has the cruel reality of a nightmare, and the grandeur of man consists in his making beautiful and lasting works out of the real substance of that nightmare. Or to put it another way, it consists in transforming the nightmare into vision, in freeing ourselves from the shapeless horror of reality—if only for an instant by means of creation.

In Christopher Okonkwo’s paper “Talking and Te(x)tifying: Ndibe, Habila, and Adichie’s ‘Dialogic’ Narrativizations of Nigeria’s Post War Nadir: 1984-1998” given at the 2005 African Studies Association conference, he suggests that three contemporary Nigerian novels Okey Ndibe’s Arrows of Rain, Helon Habila’s Waiting for an Angel, and Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s Purple Hibiscus can be “linked ‘dialogically’ …. [t]hat is, these are novels unconsciously in dialogue—they are talking about, conversing, and/or contributing discrete discursive voices or perspectives on that subject of Nigeria’s post-war bleak epoch” (par. 4). 1 This “unconscious” dialogue between the novels is inherently linked to the state of Nigeria that all three novelists describe in their novels. As such the actual historical condition of Nigeria and the events that took place during the period of dictatorship from 1984-1998 are used as a type of text that is alluded to symbolically in each of the novels, creating an unconscious form of intertextuality. Moreover, Okonkwo argues, all three texts “‘te(x)stify’ to the horrors of the nadir, thereby performing, recuperating and affirming the power and resiliency of that human and civil right of ‘voice’ which the army sought desperately to stifle and invalidate” (par. 4). These texts themselves “perform” and together “chart a liberation imperative and trajectory.” That is by retelling the history of Nigeria, the three novels are able to reinterpret and symbolically re-imagine in their texts the movement from “nihilism to hope, absence to presence, and from apathy to action” (par. 8).

As a prelude to other parts of this study, this chapter will discuss the background upon which this study was initiated, the statement of problems that led to this study, the Aim and Objectives of the study. Others are Significance of the study, Scope of work, Limitations of the Study and Definition of technical terms.

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature Review

2.1 Introduction

This chapter focuses on the review of related literature. A literature review includes the current knowledge as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topic. It documents the state of the art with respect to the topic you are writing. It surveys the literature in the topic selected. In this research work the literature review includes the …

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