Project Topics Seminar Topics Post UTME Nursing Exam Past Questions
Search Topic
PARKLYN
ERVICES
 · RC: 2994849
A Comparative Study of the Serological Status for Newcastle Disease in Local Chickens of Live Bird Markets and Households

A Comparative Study of the Serological Status for Newcastle Disease in Local Chickens of Live Bird Markets and Households

@SparklynServices
WhatsApp Channel

DEDICATION

This research material, titled “A Comparative Study of the Serological Status for Newcastle Disease in Local Chickens of Live Bird Markets and Households” is dedicated to God for His boundless grace and guidance. It is also a tribute to all computer enthusiasts whose contributions made my research journey smoother and enriched my documentation process, making the experience truly fulfilling.



ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am profoundly grateful to everyone who contributed to the successful completion of this project. I am especially grateful to my Supervisor (Name), the Head of Department (Name), and the Lecturers in the Department of Microbiology for their invaluable guidance and support. I also acknowledge the contributions of authors and scholars whose works on A Comparative Study of the Serological Status for Newcastle Disease in Local Chickens of Live Bird Markets and Households provided essential insights. Special thanks go to my study area (and any funding organizations, if applicable) for their financial assistance. I am equally thankful to stakeholders, including mentors, teachers, and colleagues, for their encouragement and support. Finally, I deeply appreciate my family and friends for their patience and unwavering support throughout this journey. Your contributions have been instrumental in making this research a reality.



TABLE OF CONTENTS

PRELIMINARY PAGES

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

    CHAPTER TWO

    LITERATURE REVIEW

    • 2.1 Introduction
    • ⋮

    CHAPTER THREE

    MATERIALS AND METHODS

    • 3.1 Introduction
    • ⋮

    CHAPTER FOUR

    RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

    • 4.1 Introduction
    • 4.2 Results
    • ⋮
    • 4.3 Discussion of Findings

    CHAPTER FIVE

    SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

    • 5.1 Introduction
    • 5.2 Summary
    • 5.3 Conclusion
    • 5.4 Recommendation

    REFERENCES


    ABSTRACT

    Newcastle disease (ND) is the most important viral disease of poultry in the world including developing countries. In Africa and Asia, it is a major constraint against the development of both Industrial and village poultry production. A serological study was conducted to estimate the level of circulating antibodies against ND in unvaccinated local chickens, raised under traditional management system in Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) antigen (La sota strain) was obtained and Haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test was used to analyse four hundred (400) chicken sera comprising 252 live bird market chickens, 88 household chickens for NDV antibodies from randomly selected live bird markets and households in four Local Government Areas (LGAs) within Nsukka zone. The LGAs include Udenu, Nsukka, Igbo-Eze South, and Igbo-Eze North LGAs. The remaining 60 chickens used as control were from vaccinated chicken flocks. An overall seroprevalence rate was found to be 60.3% (205/340), and only 47.1% (160/340) of chicken sera had HI antibody titre of ≥ 4log2 which was considered protective.

    A seroprevalence rate of 65.1% (164/252), 46.6% (41/88), and 86.7% (52/60) were obtained from live bird markets, households, and control groups respectively. About 52.9% (184/340) of chickens sampled were at risk of suffering from clinical ND. A Geometric Mean of HI antibody titre (GMT) of 207.9, 11.3, and 27.9 were obtained from live bird markets, households, and control groups respectively. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in antibody prevalence between live bird market and household chickens when compared in each of the four LGA except in Nsukka (P < 0.05). However, there was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in the overall antibody prevalence rate between live bird market chickens and household chickens. There was also a significant difference (P < 0.05) in the overall prevalence rates between the age groups. Higher antibody titre was observed in older chickens (above 24weeks). A seroprevalence rate of 60.3% NDV antibodies in apparently healthy chickens observed in this study is suggestive of the presence and continuous circulation of NDV among them and their role in maintaining endemicity of the virus. Hence, improvement of extension services to rural farmers, biosecurity measures, vaccination programmes and routine vaccination with ND vaccine especially thermostable vaccines such as NDV2 or NDV4 for local chickens as a means of protecting them against ND before the period of outbreak is highly recommended.


    A Comparative Study of the Serological Status for Newcastle Disease in Local Chickens of Live Bird Markets and Households

    CHAPTER ONE

    Introduction And Literature Review

    1.1 Introduction

    Newcastle Disease (ND) is the most important viral disease of poultry in the world including developing countries (Adene, 1999; Spradbrow, 1997). In Africa and Asia ND is a major constraint against the development of both industrial and village poultry production (Alders et al., 2001). ND has been reported as one of the greatest constraints to the development of rural poultry production in Nigeria (Shamaki et al., 1989; Oladele et al., 2003). ND is a highly contagious and commonly fatal ribonucleic acid virus infection of birds which can cause up 100 percent mortality in susceptible chickens. Many avian species may become infected but dramatic losses are seen most often in domestic fowl and to a lesser extent in turkeys and Pheasants (Rosenbeger, 1981; Vickers and Hanson, 1982; Gordon and Jordan,1982)

    ND is caused by avian paramyxovirus type-1(APMV-1) which is classified with other paramyxoviruses in the genus Avulavirus, subfamily paramyxovirinae, family paramyxoviridae, and order mononegavirales. It is an enveloped virus and has a negative sense single strand RNA genome.

    …

    CHAPTER TWO

    2.0 Literature Review

    2.1 Introduction

    This chapter focuses on the review of related literature. A literature review includes the current knowledge as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topic. It documents the state of the art with respect to the topic you are writing. It surveys the literature in the topic selected. In this research work the literature review includes the conceputal review, theoretical framework, the review of related literature …

    Procedure for Accessing and Downloading the Complete Material in PDF or DOCX Format

    Above is a preview excerpt of the full study on “A Comparative Study of the Serological Status for Newcastle Disease in Local Chickens of Live Bird Markets and Households”. The complete material, including all five chapters, is available for download upon request.

    To obtain the complete research material content, simply place an order by paying the specified project or seminar fee using the account details or electronic payment (E-payment) system provided below.

    Seminar Material
    ₦3,000    		Project Material
    ₦5,000

    For Mobile Money (MoMo) and Researchers Outside Nigeria, Kindly Request Complete Material via WhatsApp.

    Account Details - For USSD / POS Transfer

    ACCT NAMESPARKLYN SERVICES
    Zenith Bank PLC1222599051
    MoniePoint (MFB)8030511988
    Paycom (OPay)8030511988

    –– or ––

    After payment, send message containing your payment receipt to Sparklyn Services with the phone number displayed below.

    Once payment is confirmed, the complete document will be delivered via WhatsApp or email in Microsoft Word (MS-Word) format.

    You can get more research topics on Microbiology, if you did not see your preferred topic from the alternate list above.

    Defense Procedure for Microbiology Researchers

    In preparation for defending a project or seminar on A Comparative Study of the Serological Status for Newcastle Disease in Local Chickens of Live Bird Markets and Households, it is imperative that as a nursing student, you demonstrate comprehensive knowledge of your research. The defense process is structured to include presenting your work, answering questions, and illustrating its pertinence. Initially, provide a succinct yet thorough introduction to your research topic, emphasizing its importance and the objectives, ensuring that both the audience and the External Examiner can understand the scope of your study.

    Prior to your defense, be thoroughly acquainted with your research abstract and the critical elements of Chapter One, including motivation for embarking on this research, problem statement, objectives, and significance. In Chapter Two, be ready to cite at least two references from the literature review. For Chapter Three, you should be equipped to discuss the methodologies, tools, and techniques utilized. In Chapter Four, defend your research by justifying the findings and linking them to your research objectives.

    Conclude your defense by succinctly summarizing the study and offering insightful, evidence-based recommendations. A professional dress code, such as wearing a suit and tie, is vital to create a favorable impression and elevate your presentation.

    During the question and answer segment, the External Examiner may pose questions pertaining to your research. If confronted with a challenging or irrelevant question, respond diplomatically with, “Sorry, Sir/Madam, the question asked is beyond the scope of my study.” Whenever possible, direct your answers back to your research findings to reinforce your expertise.

    Page Content Headings - A Comparative Study of the Serological Status for Newcastle Disease in Local Chickens of Live Bird Markets and Households
      Download Material (Docx)