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Analysis on Selected Physico-Chemical and Microbiological Properties of Upper Otamiri River

Analysis on Selected Physico-Chemical and Microbiological Properties of Upper Otamiri River

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DEDICATION

This research material, titled “Analysis on Selected Physico-Chemical and Microbiological Properties of Upper Otamiri River” is dedicated to God for His boundless grace and guidance. It is also a tribute to all computer enthusiasts whose contributions made my research journey smoother and enriched my documentation process, making the experience truly fulfilling.



ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am profoundly grateful to everyone who contributed to the successful completion of this project. I am especially grateful to my Supervisor (Name), the Head of Department (Name), and the Lecturers in the Department of Science Laboratory Technology (SLT) for their invaluable guidance and support. I also acknowledge the contributions of authors and scholars whose works on Analysis on Selected Physico-Chemical and Microbiological Properties of Upper Otamiri River provided essential insights. Special thanks go to my study area (and any funding organizations, if applicable) for their financial assistance. I am equally thankful to stakeholders, including mentors, teachers, and colleagues, for their encouragement and support. Finally, I deeply appreciate my family and friends for their patience and unwavering support throughout this journey. Your contributions have been instrumental in making this research a reality.



TABLE OF CONTENTS

PRELIMINARY PAGES

CHAPTER ONE

  • 1.0 Introduction
  • 1.1 Objectives of the Study

CHAPTER TWO

  • 2.0 Literature Review
  • 2.1.1 Colour
  • 2.1.2 Taste of Odour
  • 2.1.3 PH (Hydorogen Ion Concentration)
  • 2.1.4 Temperature
  • 2.1.5 Dissolved Oxygen (DO)
  • 2.1.6 Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)
  • 2.1.7 Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)
  • 2.1.8 Total Suspended Solids (TSS)
  • 2.1.9 Conductivity
  • 2.1.10 Zinc and Copper (Heavy metals)
  • 2.1.11 Feacal Coliform

CHAPTER THREE

  • 3.0 Materials and Methods
  • 3.1 Description of Study
  • 3.2 Sources/ Locations
  • 3.3 Data Collection
  • 3.4 Determination of Physico-Chemical Properties
  • 3.4.1 Dissolved Oxygen (DO)
  • 3.4.2 Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)
  • 3.4.3 Temperature (0C)
  • 3.4.4 PH (Hydrogen Ion Concentration)
  • 3.4.5 Conductivity
  • 3.4.6 Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)
  • 3.4.7 Total Suspended Solids (TSS)
  • 3.4.8 Colour
  • 3.4.9 Odour and Appearance
  • 3.4.10 Copper
  • 3.4.11 Zinc (Zn)
  • 3.4.12 Coliform

CHAPTER FOUR

  • 4.0 Results and Discussion
  • 4.1 Results
  • 4.2 Discussion

CHAPTER FIVE

  • 5.0 Conclusion and Recommendation
  • 5.1 Conclusion
  • 5.2 Recommendation

REFERENCES

APPENDIX


ABSTRACT

Water samples were collected from Otamiri River at three different sites (Egbu, Emmanuel Collage and Polytechnic Junction Nekede) for a period of four months. The water samples collected were analyzed for some physico-chemical and microbiological parameters which include PH, Temperature Total dissolved solids, BOD, Dissolved Oxygen Zinc, Copper (heavy metals) colour, Odour, Taste, Appearance using standard procedures.

The physio-chemical parameters investigated and their mean values for the rainy months and that of the dry months are as follows: Temperature 24.60c (33.30c), PH 6.27 (7.97), conductivity 23.7sus/cm3 (73.08 us/cm3) TSA 11.87 mg/l (57mg/l), TSS 2.53mglc (4.3mg/l), colour 58.3 PTCO (81.7 PTCO), Dissolved oxygen 4.5mglc, BOD 3.42mglc, Copper 0.20(0.12mg/l), Zinc 0.34mglc (0.12mg/l), Nitrate 0.2 (0.68mg/l) and fecal coliform was above WHO standard for drinking water.

The results showed that, water from Otamiri River is unsafe for drinking, since the values of most parameters investigates did not meet with the WHO standard and could be a public health concern.


Analysis on Selected Physico-Chemical and Microbiological Properties of Upper Otamiri River

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 Introduction

A River is a natural water course, (Merriam 2010), usually fresh water, flowing toward an ocean, lake or another River. The chemistry of Rivers is complex and depends on inputs from atmosphere and the inputs from man's activities in an area and our growing population is placing great demands upon natural fresh water resources (Waziri et al., 2009). The characteristics of water quality are basically classified as physical, chemical and biological.

The availability of good water quality is an indispensable feature for preventing diseases and improving quality life (Oluduro and Aderiye 2007).

Rivers have been used as a source of water, for obtaining food and as a means of disposing waste. Therefore, it is important that water for drinking and other uses should be analyzed to assess the level and nature of pollution (WHO, 2005). It is also important in water quality studies to know the amount of organic matter present in the system and the quantity of oxygen required for stabilization of the water.

The impact of organic pollutants on water quality in this work is expressed in terms of the biochemical oxygen demand which depend on the dissolved oxygen (DO) and Total Dissolved solids (IDS) on the other hand is used to defined the organic content of the river and the Total Suspended Solids (TSS) respectively, Efe, Ogban, Horsefall and Akporhonor (2005).

1.1 Objectives of the Study

The objectives of this project work are:

  1. To study and examine of the water quality through analysis of some physico-chemical properties.
  2. To determine the levels of some pollution indicators and comparing the results with WHO acceptable standards for drinking water.
…

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature Review

2.1 Introduction

This chapter focuses on the review of related literature. A literature review includes the current knowledge as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topic. It documents the state of the art with respect to the topic you are writing. It surveys the literature in the topic selected. In this research work the literature review includes the conceputal review, theoretical framework, the review of related literature …

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