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Antibacterial Activity of Garlic Extract against some Urinary tract Pathogenic Bacteria

Antibacterial Activity of Garlic Extract against some Urinary tract Pathogenic Bacteria

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DEDICATION

This research material, titled “Antibacterial Activity of Garlic Extract against some Urinary tract Pathogenic Bacteria” is dedicated to God for His boundless grace and guidance. It is also a tribute to all computer enthusiasts whose contributions made my research journey smoother and enriched my documentation process, making the experience truly fulfilling.



ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am profoundly grateful to everyone who contributed to the successful completion of this project. I am especially grateful to my Supervisor (Name), the Head of Department (Name), and the Lecturers in the Department of Microbiology for their invaluable guidance and support. I also acknowledge the contributions of authors and scholars whose works on Antibacterial Activity of Garlic Extract against some Urinary tract Pathogenic Bacteria provided essential insights. Special thanks go to my study area (and any funding organizations, if applicable) for their financial assistance. I am equally thankful to stakeholders, including mentors, teachers, and colleagues, for their encouragement and support. Finally, I deeply appreciate my family and friends for their patience and unwavering support throughout this journey. Your contributions have been instrumental in making this research a reality.



TABLE OF CONTENTS

PRELIMINARY PAGES

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

    CHAPTER TWO

    LITERATURE REVIEW

    • 2.1 Introduction
    • ⋮

    CHAPTER THREE

    MATERIALS AND METHODS

    • 3.1 Introduction
    • ⋮

    CHAPTER FOUR

    RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

    • 4.1 Introduction
    • 4.2 Results
    • ⋮
    • 4.3 Discussion of Findings

    CHAPTER FIVE

    SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

    • 5.1 Introduction
    • 5.2 Summary
    • 5.3 Conclusion
    • 5.4 Recommendation

    REFERENCES


    ABSTRACT

    Garlic (Allium sativum) is a medicinal plant mainly used as condiments and for stopping in different cooking. The use of higher plants and their extracts to treat infections is an ancient practice in traditional medicine. The study evaluates the Antibacterial Activity of Garlic Extract against some Urinary tract Pathogenic Bacteria. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out as follows to: identify the activity of garlic extracts on both Gram negative and Gram positive standard bacterial strains and compares their effect with the effect of some antibiotics and assess the anti-bacterial effect of garlic against standard isolates of S. aureus and E. coli. Four different solvents having different polarity were used to extract the bioactive compound from garlic. The Antibacterial activity of the crude extracts of garlic was evaluated against Standard isolates of S. aureus and E. coli by an agar diffusion method. The trial was done in triplicates. A Factorial Design with three factors was used. The treatment means were compared by a Student’s t- test with least significant difference (LSD) at 5% (P=0.05) and the data analysis was performed using mini tab statistical software package. In this experiment the non-polar chloroform had higher inhibition zone. The highest yield potential was obtained from water followed by ethanol, chloroform and petroleum ether respectively. E. coli were so susceptible than S. aureus to the extracts. Garlic could be used as effective antibacterial agent for human pathogenic bacteria. This study will be of immense benefit to Microbiologist, Biochemist and other researchers who intend to know more on this study and can also be used by non-researchers to build more on their research work.


    Antibacterial Activity of Garlic Extract against some Urinary tract Pathogenic Bacteria

    CHAPTER ONE

    1.1 Introduction

    Garlic (Allium sativum) is a medicinal plant mainly used as condiments and for stopping in different cooking (Nabeel, 2014). The use of higher plants and their extracts to treat infections is an ancient practice in traditional medicine. Many plants have been used because of their antimicrobial treats, which are chiefly synthesis during secondary metabolism of the plants. The herbal medicine may be in the form of powders, liquid or mixtures which may be row or boiled, ointments linings and incision (Jehan et al., 2011). Traditional medicine is the sum total of knowledge skills and practices based on theories, beliefs and experiences indigenous to different cultural that are used to maintain health, as well as to prevent, diagnose, improve or matters. This plant is multiplied by vegetative reproduction rather than by sexual reproduction (seed). Individual garlic cloves are planted and they each produce a bulb in which the cloves all have the same genetic makeup as the original clove (Paul, 2010).

    As a prelude to other parts of this study, this chapter will discuss the background upon which this study was initiated, the statement of problems that led to this study, the Aim and Objectives of the study. Others are Significance of the study, Scope of work, Limitations of the Study and Definition of technical terms.

    …

    CHAPTER TWO

    2.0 Literature Review

    2.1 Introduction

    This chapter focuses on the review of related literature. A literature review includes the current knowledge as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topic. It documents the state of the art with respect to the topic you are writing. It surveys the literature in the topic selected. In this research work the literature review includes the conceputal review, theoretical framework, the review of related literature …

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    Defense Procedure for Microbiology Researchers

    In preparation for defending a project or seminar on Antibacterial Activity of Garlic Extract against some Urinary tract Pathogenic Bacteria, it is imperative that as a nursing student, you demonstrate comprehensive knowledge of your research. The defense process is structured to include presenting your work, answering questions, and illustrating its pertinence. Initially, provide a succinct yet thorough introduction to your research topic, emphasizing its importance and the objectives, ensuring that both the audience and the External Examiner can understand the scope of your study.

    Prior to your defense, be thoroughly acquainted with your research abstract and the critical elements of Chapter One, including motivation for embarking on this research, problem statement, objectives, and significance. In Chapter Two, be ready to cite at least two references from the literature review. For Chapter Three, you should be equipped to discuss the methodologies, tools, and techniques utilized. In Chapter Four, defend your research by justifying the findings and linking them to your research objectives.

    Conclude your defense by succinctly summarizing the study and offering insightful, evidence-based recommendations. A professional dress code, such as wearing a suit and tie, is vital to create a favorable impression and elevate your presentation.

    During the question and answer segment, the External Examiner may pose questions pertaining to your research. If confronted with a challenging or irrelevant question, respond diplomatically with, “Sorry, Sir/Madam, the question asked is beyond the scope of my study.” Whenever possible, direct your answers back to your research findings to reinforce your expertise.

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