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Budget Preparation and Implementation

Budget Preparation and Implementation

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DEDICATION

This research material, titled “Budget Preparation and Implementation” is dedicated to God for His boundless grace and guidance. It is also a tribute to all computer enthusiasts whose contributions made my research journey smoother and enriched my documentation process, making the experience truly fulfilling.



ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am profoundly grateful to everyone who contributed to the successful completion of this project. I am especially grateful to my Supervisor (Name), the Head of Department (Name), and the Lecturers in the Department of Business Administration and Management (BAM) for their invaluable guidance and support. I also acknowledge the contributions of authors and scholars whose works on Budget Preparation and Implementation provided essential insights. Special thanks go to my study area (and any funding organizations, if applicable) for their financial assistance. I am equally thankful to stakeholders, including mentors, teachers, and colleagues, for their encouragement and support. Finally, I deeply appreciate my family and friends for their patience and unwavering support throughout this journey. Your contributions have been instrumental in making this research a reality.



TABLE OF CONTENTS

PRELIMINARY PAGES

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

    CHAPTER TWO

    LITERATURE REVIEW

    • 2.1 Introduction
    • 2.2 Conceptual Review
    • 2.3 Theoretical Framework
    • ⋮
    • 2.4 Empirical Studies
    • 2.5 Research Gaps
    • 2.6 Summary of Literature Review

    CHAPTER THREE

    RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

    • 3.1 Introduction
    • 3.2 Research Design
    • 3.3 Population of Study
    • 3.4 Sampling and Sampling Technique
    • 3.5 Validation of Research Instrument
    • 3.6 Method of Data Collection
    • 3.7 Method of Data Analysis
    • 3.8 Questionnaire Administration
    • 3.9 Ethical Consideration
    • 3.10 Statistical Analysis

    CHAPTER FOUR

    DATA ANALYSIS, RESULT AND DISCUSSION

    • 4.1 Introduction
    • 4.2 Presentation and Analysis of Data
    • 4.3 Re-statement of Research Questions
    • 4.4 Test of Hypotheses
    • 4.5 Discussion of Findings

    CHAPTER FIVE

    SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

    • 5.1 Introduction
    • 5.2 Summary of Findings
    • 5.3 Conclusion
    • 5.4 Recommendation
    • 5.5 Suggestion for Further Study

    REFERENCES

    APPENDIX A - “QUESTIONNAIRE”


    ABSTRACT

    The severity of Nigeria’s economic crisis dictates, that all available resources be effectively mobilized to reverse the deterioration of the economy. In recent time, the local governments in Nigeria have been assigned specific development roles by the constitution. But this should not be taken to mean or suggest that in the past local government did not contribute to economic development, for example, between 1955 and 1966, local governments were responsible for an average of twelve percent of total expenditures in the country.

    In a federal system like Nigeria, local governments are close to the people and hence could effectively alter socio economic and political conditions within their jurisdictions. Apart from providing and maintaining basic infrastructures, local government can complement the economic activities of other levels of government.

    Budget Preparation and Implementation at local government level becomes significant if macro-economic stability is necessary in the wider economy because if fiscal imbalance appears rampant at the local level, it could pose problems for macro-economic management of the economy.

    Though the revenue allocation system mandates that certain fraction of the federation account be allocated to the local governments, these funds are never enough to meet expenditure requirements. This is so because the size of the account is related to revenue from oil, which is subject to fluctuations and the expectation of local governments far exceed the available resources. In a system characterized by ethnic and clan conflicts, state government have attempted for political reason, to frustrate their existence and defaulted on their statutory allocation local government now become financially and politically impotent, therefore, for all the problems that hinders the effectiveness of local governments, there must be a sound Budget Preparation and Implementation.


    Budget Preparation and Implementation

    CHAPTER ONE

    1.1 Introduction

    Local government has historically provided service of importance to its citizens in rural and urban areas in Nigeria. These services include provision of basic amenities like, water, roads, health facilities; education etc. of late, the role of local government in providing these services has attracted public concern. Furthermore, it ha generated national crisis as a result of increasing rate of poverty especially among the rural people some scholar views this development to poor budget implementation.

    The impact of budget preparation and implementation cannot be overemphasized in the running of the affairs of industrial enterprises institutions, companies, government organization and a nation as a whole.

    Budget can simply be regarded as estimate of how money will be spent over a period of time in relation to the amount of money available. Budgeting implies planning while planning is not a process of guesswork, but the result of research, observation and forecast. In order to prepare a budget, the management is forced to think ahead and examine critically every factors that are likely to affect the achievement of planned objectives. Budget is therefore looking into the future; it provides the yardstick for evaluating subsequent performances budget is a means to an end itself.

    To have a clear picture of the topic, we have to allude ourselves to the meaning of budget preparation and implementation. Budget preparation deals with computing of various expenditure and revenue which is as a result of research and forecast while implementing the budget is to put into effect what has been laid down in the budget.
    Budget preparation and implementation pilots the affairs of the local government in achieving their constitutional responsibilities.

    …

    CHAPTER TWO

    2.0 Literature Review

    2.1 Introduction

    This chapter focuses on the review of related literature. A literature review includes the current knowledge as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topic. It documents the state of the art with respect to the topic you are writing. It surveys the literature in the topic selected. In this research work the literature review includes the conceputal review, theoretical framework, the review of related literature …

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    Defense Procedure for Business Administration and Management Researchers

    In preparation for defending a project or seminar on Budget Preparation and Implementation, it is imperative that as a nursing student, you demonstrate comprehensive knowledge of your research. The defense process is structured to include presenting your work, answering questions, and illustrating its pertinence. Initially, provide a succinct yet thorough introduction to your research topic, emphasizing its importance and the objectives, ensuring that both the audience and the External Examiner can understand the scope of your study.

    Prior to your defense, be thoroughly acquainted with your research abstract and the critical elements of Chapter One, including motivation for embarking on this research, problem statement, objectives, and significance. In Chapter Two, be ready to cite at least two references from the literature review. For Chapter Three, you should be equipped to discuss the methodologies, tools, and techniques utilized. In Chapter Four, defend your research by justifying the findings and linking them to your research objectives.

    Conclude your defense by succinctly summarizing the study and offering insightful, evidence-based recommendations. A professional dress code, such as wearing a suit and tie, is vital to create a favorable impression and elevate your presentation.

    During the question and answer segment, the External Examiner may pose questions pertaining to your research. If confronted with a challenging or irrelevant question, respond diplomatically with, “Sorry, Sir/Madam, the question asked is beyond the scope of my study.” Whenever possible, direct your answers back to your research findings to reinforce your expertise.

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