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Extraction and Characterization of Oil From Date Seed

Extraction and Characterization of Oil From Date Seed

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DEDICATION

This research material, titled “Extraction and Characterization of Oil From Date Seed” is dedicated to God for His boundless grace and guidance. It is also a tribute to all computer enthusiasts whose contributions made my research journey smoother and enriched my documentation process, making the experience truly fulfilling.




ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am profoundly grateful to everyone who contributed to the successful completion of this project. I am especially grateful to my Supervisor (Name), the Head of Department (Name), and the Lecturers in the Department of Chemical Engineering for their invaluable guidance and support. I also acknowledge the contributions of authors and scholars whose works on Extraction and Characterization of Oil From Date Seed provided essential insights. Special thanks go to my study area (and any funding organizations, if applicable) for their financial assistance. I am equally thankful to stakeholders, including mentors, teachers, and colleagues, for their encouragement and support. Finally, I deeply appreciate my family and friends for their patience and unwavering support throughout this journey. Your contributions have been instrumental in making this research a reality.




ABSTRACT

The aim of this project is centered on the Extraction and Characterization of Oil From Date Seed. The extraction is carried out with the use of a soxhlet apparatus and a solvent hexane which is chosen base on the fact that it has a very low value of toxicity and high extraction rate. The different particle size gotten from the gotten from the grinded date seed were 710 um, 1mm and 2mm mesh size, which 40g of each were measured and subjected to the process and they yield the following value of oil respectively 363, 3.49 and 3.25 with the smallest particle size producing the highest yield.



Extraction and Characterization of Oil From Date Seed


1.0 Introduction

1.1 Background of the Study

Oil could be defined as any greasily substance that is liquid at room temperature and is insoluble in water. Oil is derived mainly from two two main sources namely plant and animal. In animal they occur mainly inform of eclipse tissure and all composed of cell, while in plant they are mostly found in storage organs like seed (Abraham et al. 1970). Oil is generally liquid under room or ordinary temperature and those that exist as solid are called fats.

Vegetable oil and fat have a wide range of uses as food for industrial purpose and also in pharmaceuticals.

Dates are low cost source of food with high nutritional value. The date palm is an important member of the family palmacen, providing a staple food for millions of people in arid and semiarid regions of the world. Dates may be considered as almost ideal food, providing a wide range of essential nutrients and potential health benefits. The sugar content of ripe dates is aboiut 80%; the remainder consists of protein, fibre and trace element including born, cobalt, fluorine, magasium, managanese, selenium and zinc.

Extraction may be used to separate more than two components and mixture of solvents. It is also a method of removing one constituent from a solid or liquid by means of liquid solvent. These techniques falls into two categories, the first is called leaching or solid extraction, it is used to dissolve soluble matter from its mixture with an insoluble solid. The second is called liquid extraction is used to recover a valuable product from s multi-component solution by contact with an immiscible solvent that has a high affinity for the product. (W.L. Mcable, J.C. Smith, P.HarrioH, unit operation of chemical engineering seventh (7th) Edition 2005.

Leaching is a process of extracting a substance from a solid by means of dissolving it in a liquid. in the chemical processing industries, leaching is known as extraction. Leaching has a variety of commercial applications which includes the separation of a metal from it ore using acid, separation of sugar from beats using hot water, leaching of chloride from food substances. (Wikipedia, 2006)

In leaching, there are four important factors to be considered which the particles size, solvent temperature and agitation of the fluid. Generally, the process can be considered in three solute as it dissolve in the solvent, its diffusion through the solvent in the pores of the solid to outside of the particles. And the transfer of the solute from the solution in contact with the particles to he main bulk of the solution. And of these process may be responsible for limiting the rapidly that it has a negligible effect on the overall rate (Coulson and Richardson 1990).


1.2 Aim and Objective

The aim of the project is centered on acquiring the general knowledge of separating a particular component from it mixture with other component successfully, while the objective is to carry out the extraction of oil from date seed using the separation method known as leaching.

Relevance of the Work

The knowledge of extraction of oil from date seed does not only help the students of chemical engineering on how to carryout separation but also the method suitable for anykind of mixture either liquid-solid mixture or liquid-liquid mixture.


1.3 Scope of Study

Extraction of the oil

Determination of the following physiochemical properties of the oil

Iodine value

Saponification value

Acid value

Viscosity

pH value

Unsaponification matter

Specific gravity

Peroxide value

Free fatty acid


CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature Review

2.1 Introduction

This chapter focuses on the review of related literature. A literature review includes the current knowledge as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topic. It documents the state of the art with respect to the topic you are writing. It surveys the literature in the topic selected. In this research work the literature review includes the conceputal review, theoretical framework, the review of related literature …

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Defense Procedure for Chemical Engineering Researchers


In preparation for defending a project or seminar on Extraction and Characterization of Oil From Date Seed, it is imperative that as a nursing student, you demonstrate comprehensive knowledge of your research. The defense process is structured to include presenting your work, answering questions, and illustrating its pertinence. Initially, provide a succinct yet thorough introduction to your research topic, emphasizing its importance and the objectives, ensuring that both the audience and the External Examiner can understand the scope of your study.


Prior to your defense, be thoroughly acquainted with your research abstract and the critical elements of Chapter One, including motivation for embarking on this research, problem statement, objectives, and significance. In Chapter Two, be ready to cite at least two references from the literature review. For Chapter Three, you should be equipped to discuss the methodologies, tools, and techniques utilized. In Chapter Four, defend your research by justifying the findings and linking them to your research objectives.


Conclude your defense by succinctly summarizing the study and offering insightful, evidence-based recommendations. A professional dress code, such as wearing a suit and tie, is vital to create a favorable impression and elevate your presentation.


During the question and answer segment, the External Examiner may pose questions pertaining to your research. If confronted with a challenging or irrelevant question, respond diplomatically with, “Sorry, Sir/Madam, the question asked is beyond the scope of my study.” Whenever possible, direct your answers back to your research findings to reinforce your expertise.


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