This research work titled "Stochastic Assessment of Nigerian Timbers for Bridge Decks in Accordance to AASHTO LFRD" is dedicated to God for his enabling grace and to all computer enthusiasts who help to make life a pleasant experience.
I owe my indebtedness to my Supervisor (Name of your Supervisor), the Head of Department (Name of your HOD), the Lecturers in the department of Civil Engineering, Book Authors and Profound Scholars of existing/related research material for your moral support that facilitated the successful completion of my (Tertiary Institution level). I am grateful to God Almighty and my parent for their financial support in my career. I really appreciate you all for everything, Thank you very much.
This work provides results for stochastic safetyevaluation of Nigerian timbers for bridge decks in accordance to American Association of State Transportation and Highway Officials (AASHTO) Load Resistance Factored Design (LRFD) design specifications.A timber bridge is modeled in accordance to AASHTO LRFD, 2010, to represent real life experiment in order to depict the structural behavior of planks when used as a bridge deck. This model was then subjected to some degree of entropy using Advanced Second Moment Reliability Assessment (ASMRA) method, which was subsequently analysed using JAVA library with the help of Flanagan polynomial.Experimental data collected from literature was comparedwith the current Nigerian Code of Practice, NCP 2, 1973 for timber, and were used for the assessment.
It was observed that, strength classes, timber thicknesses and stringer spacing are the major factors among others influencing the structural behavior of Nigerian timber proposed as bridge decks. Therefore, the major classes of Nigerian timber recommended for bridge decks are timber within the strength classes N1 to N4 with dimensions ranging from 100 x 250mm to 150 x 300mm on stringers spaced not greater than 300mm, depending on the strength class adopted; with timber belonging to the higher strength classes taking the lower dimension. An exception to this, are timber which belong to the strength class N1, where the stringers can be spaced at 450mm using timber with dimension not lower then 100mm thick and width not less than 250mm.The recommended strength classes with associated material properties can be a source of sustainable bridge deck material over a reasonable period of time as indicated by the probability of failure as a result of damage due to load accumulation. In view of this, timber which is a locally available material can be used as substitute for the expensive concrete and steel which are the most commonly used materials.
Stochastic Assessment of Nigerian Timbers for Bridge Decks in Accordance to AASHTO LFRD
The need for local content in construction of engineering infrastructure is now a serious engineering challenge in Nigeria. This is because vast quantities of local raw materials, which must be processed and used for cost effective construction abound. Construction activities based on these locally available raw materials are major steps towards industrialisation and economic independence for developing countries (Aguwa and Sadiku, 2011).
Timber is one of the natural occurring raw materials which abound in Nigeria and it had been put to use as a building material for construction since prehistoric times. It is available inlarge quantities in the forested parts of the country. The extent of its usage by professionals in the buildingindustry is determined not only by their understanding of the material, but also by their perception of thematerial (Adedeji and Ogunsote, 2004).
The major use of timber in Nigeria and most part of the third world has been limited to domestic use as an alternative source of heat energy or household kitchen appliance. In this respect, timber which is supposed to be used to sustain the development of the economy is been burnt as coal. With critical analysis of our environment and careful exploration of the structural properties of timber, one can adequately establish and design an environmentally friendly structure which is cost effective.
This chapter focuses on the review of related literature. A literature review includes the current knowledge as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topic. It documents the state of the art with respect to the topic you are writing. It surveys the literature in the topic selected. In this research work the literature review includes the …
How to Download the Complete Material in PDF (Docx)
Stochastic Assessment of Nigerian Timbers for Bridge Decks in Accordance to AASHTO LFRD is available for download by placing an order for the complete material at specified project or seminar cost price. After payment confirmation, the material will be sent through WhatsApp (E-mail) in Microsoft Word (MS-Word) format.
Seminar Material Cost ₦3,000
Project Material Cost ₦5,000
For Mobile Money (MoMo) and Researchers Outside Nigeria, Kindly Request Complete Material via WhatsApp.
Defense Procedure for Civil Engineering Researchers
Deliberate About Your Research Operations in Context - It is expected of you to be familiar with your project or seminar research work. If you are not sure whether your research is laborious, check out the sections below for some recommended points of study (Stochastic Assessment of Nigerian Timbers for Bridge Decks in Accordance to AASHTO LFRD). The subsequent sections present crucial factors to consider when determining whether or not your research project is laborious.
Abstract
CHAPTER ONE
Motivation / Statement of Problems
Aim (Purpose) of the Study
Specific Objectives of the Study
Scope of Study
Significance of Study
CHAPTER TWO
State two or more citation from your review of related literature.
CHAPTER THREE
In this chapter, the methodologies, tools and techniques used is expected to be known by the researcher.
CHAPTER FOUR
In this chapter, you are expected to justify your research work and discuss the relevant findings with reference to your objectives of study.
CHAPTER FIVE
Conclusion and Recommendation
Dress Code: Your dress code should be cooperate wear for example; putting on suit and tie during project defense gives you an automatic mark without a word.
External Examiner / Supervisor Questioning & Student Answering: Questions will be sourced from your research work and any difficult or unknown question not related to your research, kindly say "Sorry Sir/Madam, the question asked is not within my scope of study".
Summary Headlines for Stochastic Assessment of Nigerian Timbers for Bridge Decks in Accordance to AASHTO LFRD