1.0 Introduction
The most widely grown and utilized legume in the world and health promoting food available today is the Soya bean, like other beans, Soya beans grow in pod featuring edible seeds. While we most often think of them as being green, the seeds can also be yellow, brown or black.
Soya oil and olive oil are vegetable oils, Soya bean oil are extracted from the seeds of the Soya bean (glycine max). Olive oil is an oil obtained from the olive (olea empaea, family oleaceae). Olive oil is a blend of virgin and refined production oil of no more than 1.5% acidity. It commonly lacks a strong flavour. Soya bean oil is one of the most widely consumed cooking oils. As a drying oil, processed Soya bean oil is used as a base for pointing inks (Soya ink) and oil paints.
It is also converted to cooking oils. Soya bean oil is a drying oil which means that it will slowly harden upon exposure to air, forming a flexible transparent and waterproof of solid. Because of this property, it is used in some printing ink and oil paint formulation.
The refined olive oil is the oil obtained from virgin olive oils by refining methods that do not lead to alteration in the initial glycerin structure. It has a free acidity expressed as oleic acid, of not more than 0.3grams per 100grams (0.3%) and its other characteristics corresponding to those fixed for this category in this standard. This can be obtained by refining virgin olive oils with a high acidity level and organoleptic defects that are eliminated after refining.
1.1 Objective of Study
In this experiment we tried to analyze oil to observe or to know the acid value levels and also compares of some different between each other.
1.2 Scope of Study
The scope of the oil laboratory is on acid value added products resulting in cost effective oil seed processes, feed stocks and product performance in the body. In addition, basic chemical analysis procedures and methodologies are applicable to other vegetable oils.
Oils obtained from oil seeds are also known as fixed oils, as against the essential oils which are more volatile. The primary oil seeds and fixed oils which are Soya bean, Rapeseed, sunflower seed, peanut, cotton seed, copra palm kernel (seed, meat oil) palm oil, olive oil.
Most fixed oils from oil seeds contains lipids, usually in the form of tioglycerides. Lipids may be accumulated in oil seeds in one or both types of seeds such as sun flower, olive oil. It is accumulated in the cotyledons of the embryo. In species such as castor bean, coriander or carrot, the endosperm is the main site of lipids accumulated. An example of a plant in which lipids occur both in the embryo and the endosperm is tobacco.
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