× Close

📚 Departmental Topics and Materials for (2024) Google Researchers
Accounting Education Topics
Civil Engineering Topics
Community Health Topics
Computer Education Topics
Computer Engineering Topics
📚 Project or Seminar Related (2024) Scholaristic Topics for Students

Search for Project and Seminar Topics Post Advertisement Items for Promotion
Anonymous
Determination of Chlorine Content in Water From Ajalli Source

Determination of Chlorine Content in Water From Ajalli Source

Project / Seminar Material
Reference ID: PS-4456-TM

DEDICATION

This research work titled "Determination of Chlorine Content in Water From Ajalli Source" is dedicated to God for his enabling grace and to all computer enthusiasts who help to make life a pleasant experience.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I owe my indebtedness to my Supervisor (Name of your Supervisor), the Head of Department (Name of your HOD), the Lecturers in the department of Science Laboratory Technology (SLT), Book Authors and Profound Scholars of existing/related research material for your moral support that facilitated the successful completion of my (Tertiary Institution level). I am grateful to God Almighty and my parent for their financial support in my career. I really appreciate you all for everything, Thank you very much.

ABSTRACT

Determination of the chlorine content in water from Ajali sources was carried out in the laboratory. Chlorination has been a method for the treatment of drinking water and chlorine being an excellent disinfectant is the sole element for this practice. The world health organization (WHO) and National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) set out standard chlorine adequate for drinking water which is given as 200mg/l. This research work is based on the determination of chlorine content in raw Ajali water, treated reservoir water and Tap water. For each five samples were collected and analyzed using Mohr Method and the result for the average chlorine contents are 105.79mg/l for the Ajali raw mater, 129.70mg/l for reservoir and tap water is 178.63mg/l. In all, the results show that they correspond to the WHO/NAFDAC standard for chlorine content in drinking water.


Determination of Chlorine Content in Water From Ajalli Source

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background of the study
Chlorine is a greenish-yellow gas that dissolves easily in water. It has a pungent, noxious colour that some people can perceive smell at concentrations above 0.3 part permillion. Chlorine is an excellent disinfectant commonly added to drinking water supplies to kill harmful micro-organism. Chlorine is not only an effective disinfectant but it also reacts with ammoniamiron and other metal s and some organic compounds to improve overall water quality (white, 2000).
In parts of the world when chlorine is not added to drinking water, thousands of people die each day from waterbone disease like typhoid and cholera according to (Darnail 1999). However, the addition of chlorine in water has its limitations but its dangers, are relatively shortlived compared to the dangers of most other highly poisonous substances. Rideal et al, (2005) suggests that this is because chlorine reacts quickly with other substance in after (and forms combined chlorine) or escapes as a gas into the atmosphere. The free chlorine test measures only the amount of free or dissolved chlorine in water, but the total chlorine test measures both free and combined of chlorine.
According to Richardson et al (2007), if the water contains a lot of decaying materials, free chlorine can combine with them to form disinfection —by- products like tribhalomethanes. Though there is a limit to the use of chlorine as negative results are possible with the addition of too odour in water are often enhanced.
Fair et al, (2000) states that less than one half (0.5mg/L) of free chlorine is needed to kill bacterial without causing water to smell or taste unpleasant. Most people cannot detect the presence of chlorine on water amount (1.0mg/l). although 1.0mg/l chlorine in water is not harmful to people, it does cause problems to fish and other aquatic animals when they are expose to it over along period of time. It is very important for water suppliers to monitor closely the level of chlorine present in the water (Hodges 1997).

Risk of Waterborne Disease
Where adequate water treatment is not readily available, the impact on public health can be devastating (White, 2002), would. Worldwide, about 1.2 billion people lack access to safe drinking water and twice that number may have adequate sanitation (Christian et al, 2001). As a result the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 3.4 million people mostly children die, every year from water related diseases. Ridealetal (2005). Even where treatment is widely practiced constant vigilance is required to guard against waterborne disease outbreaks.
Well known pathogens such as Ecoli are easily controlled with chlorination but can cause deadly outbreak give condition if inadequate or disinfection (Richardson, et al 2007). Some emerging pathogens like osporiolianare resistance to chlorination and can appear even in high quality water supplies. Cryptosporidium was the cause of the longest reported drink water in United state (Craun et al, 2002). The new regulation from U.S Environmental Protection Agency will require water system to monitor cryptosporidium and adopt a range of treatment options based on source water cryptosporidium concentrations. Most water systems are expected to meet EPA requirement while continuing to use chlorination.

1.2 Statement of Problem
There has been high prevalence of water borne disease inEnugu metropolis judging from the hospital statistics hence the need to know if the cause has been from the method of water treatment employed in the purification of drinking water supplied to the municipality.

1.3 Aims of the Study
  1. To determine the chlorine content to water from Ajalli water source.
  2. To compare the chlorine content in the drinking water in Enugu metropolis with World Health Organization standard.
  3. The study will also evaluate the effect of bad water chlorination and the harms of indisinfecter drinking water.

1.4 Significance of the Study
This research work is meant to elucidate the actual concentration of chlorine in Enugu drinking water and to make known the processes or steps taken in the treatment of the water. Also to establish whether some prevalent disease could be traced to the way drinking water in Enugu is treated.

1.5 Scope of the Study
This research work is limited to the determination of the chlorine content in raw Ajalli water source the treatment of water and the tap water within Enugu.

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature Review

2.1 Introduction

This chapter focuses on the review of related literature. A literature review includes the current knowledge as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topic. It documents the state of the art with respect to the topic you are writing. It surveys the literature in the topic selected. In this research work the literature review includes the …

Summary Headlines for Determination of Chlorine Content in Water From Ajalli Source