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Physiochemical Analysis of Stream Water and Bottle Water

Physiochemical Analysis of Stream Water and Bottle Water

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DEDICATION

This research material, titled “Physiochemical Analysis of Stream Water and Bottle Water” is dedicated to God for His boundless grace and guidance. It is also a tribute to all computer enthusiasts whose contributions made my research journey smoother and enriched my documentation process, making the experience truly fulfilling.



ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am profoundly grateful to everyone who contributed to the successful completion of this project. I am especially grateful to my Supervisor (Name), the Head of Department (Name), and the Lecturers in the Department of Science Laboratory Technology (SLT) for their invaluable guidance and support. I also acknowledge the contributions of authors and scholars whose works on Physiochemical Analysis of Stream Water and Bottle Water provided essential insights. Special thanks go to my study area (and any funding organizations, if applicable) for their financial assistance. I am equally thankful to stakeholders, including mentors, teachers, and colleagues, for their encouragement and support. Finally, I deeply appreciate my family and friends for their patience and unwavering support throughout this journey. Your contributions have been instrumental in making this research a reality.



ABSTRACT

Water is vital for life. However, it also serves as the commonest route of transmission of a number of infectious diseases. The WHO has estimated that up to 80% of all sickness and disease in the world is caused by inadequate sanitation and polluted water. Nigeria faces a number of problems regarding both its drinking water quality and availability. The municipal water supplies are inconsistent and unreliable. Not only the shortages in quantity, but also the compromised quality of municipal tap water has become a major public health issue (Warner N.R. et al., 2007). Throughout Nigeria, people are facing health problems resulting from water contamination. in the context of growing health consciousness and chronic water shortages, most of the urban residents have switched to bottled water as a safe alternative.

The public perception is that bottled water is regularly of high quality. This belief is encouraged by publicly reported problem of municipal tap water as well as the public perception of purity driven by advertisements. However, many studies have shown that these beliefs need not always be true. Samples of nine brands of bottle water of 20 ml capacity were analysed twice for various physicochemical as well as bacteriological parameters during June, July and August. All the physicochemical parameters like pH, DO, hardness, alkalinity, chloride were within WHO acceptable limits.

Ammonia was detected in some samples but is within the limits set by WHO. Iron and Nitrates were found in small quantities but within the limits set by WHO. From the bacteriological point of view, 66% of the total samples were heavily contaminated with coliforms during the test in June/July. During the test in February/March, 89% of the total sample was found to be contaminated with total coliforms whereas 66% were contaminated with fecal coliforms. From the analysis of bottle water marketed in Kathmandu valley, it was concluded that the bottle water and stream samples are heavily contaminated with coliform bacteria and unsatisfactory for drinking purpose.


Physiochemical Analysis of Stream Water and Bottle Water

CHAPTER ONE

1.1 Introduction

… As a prelude to other parts of this study, this chapter will discuss the background upon which this study was initiated, the statement of problems that led to this study, the Aim and Objectives of the study. Others are Significance of the study, Scope of work, Research hypothesis and questions, Limitation of the study and Definition of technical terms.…

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature Review

2.1 Introduction

This chapter focuses on the review of related literature. A literature review includes the current knowledge as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topic. It documents the state of the art with respect to the topic you are writing. It surveys the literature in the topic selected. In this research work the literature review includes the conceputal review, theoretical framework, the review of related literature …

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In preparation for defending a project or seminar on Physiochemical Analysis of Stream Water and Bottle Water, it is imperative that as a nursing student, you demonstrate comprehensive knowledge of your research. The defense process is structured to include presenting your work, answering questions, and illustrating its pertinence. Initially, provide a succinct yet thorough introduction to your research topic, emphasizing its importance and the objectives, ensuring that both the audience and the External Examiner can understand the scope of your study.

Prior to your defense, be thoroughly acquainted with your research abstract and the critical elements of Chapter One, including motivation for embarking on this research, problem statement, objectives, and significance. In Chapter Two, be ready to cite at least two references from the literature review. For Chapter Three, you should be equipped to discuss the methodologies, tools, and techniques utilized. In Chapter Four, defend your research by justifying the findings and linking them to your research objectives.

Conclude your defense by succinctly summarizing the study and offering insightful, evidence-based recommendations. A professional dress code, such as wearing a suit and tie, is vital to create a favorable impression and elevate your presentation.

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