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Transmission of Ebola Virus on Animal and HumansProject / Seminar Material Reference ID: PS-102-TM |
DEDICATION
This research work titled "Transmission of Ebola Virus on Animal and Humans" is dedicated to God for his enabling grace and to all computer enthusiasts who help to make life a pleasant experience.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I owe my indebtedness to my Supervisor (Name of your Supervisor), the Head of Department (Name of your HOD), the Lecturers in the department of Animal Science, Book Authors and Profound Scholars of existing/related research work for your moral support that facilitated the successful completion of my (Tertiary Institution level). I am grateful to God Almighty and my parent for their financial support in my career. I really appreciate you all for everything, Thank you very much.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter One
Introduction
- 1.1 Background …
- …
Chapter Two
Literature Review
- 2.1 Introduction
- …
Chapter Three
Research Methodology
- 3.1 Introduction
- …
Chapter Four
Results and Discussion
- 4.1 Introduction
- …
Chapter Five
Summary, Conclusion, and Recommendation
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Summary
- 5.3 Conclusion
- 5.4 Recommendation
References
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Transmission of Ebola Virus on Animal and Humans
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Background Information
Transboundary animal diseases may be defined as those epidemic diseases which are highly contagious or transmissible and have the potential for very rapid spread irrespective of national borders, causing serious socio economic and possible health consequences (FAO, 2004). They constitute only a small minority of the infectious diseases that affect livestock but are dreaded for their suddenness, acuteness, and the wide spread nature of the losses they can produce (Chris et al.,1999).
There are two major types of transboundary animal diseases- the emerging diseases and the zoonoses (OIE, 2012). According to Morens and Fauci 2013, Emerging diseases can be classified into newly emerging diseases and reemerging diseases. Reemerging and newly emerging diseases can be defined respectively as those diseases that are able to expand their epidemiological spectrum appearing in new geographical area, affecting new susceptible species which is usually associated with the acquisition of new genes by an existing microbe; and referring to a completely unknown pathogen which is detected for the first time. Newly emerging infectious agents do not arise spontaneously they must recently have come from somewhere, usually from animal infections, as occurred with HIV infection, Ebola, influenza and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) (Morens and Fauci 2013). Zoonoses on the other hand are diseases or infections which are naturally transmissible from animals to humans. According to the National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID) 2013, approximately 75% of recently emerging infectious diseases affecting humans are diseases of animal origin and approximately 60% of all human pathogens are zoonotic.
Transboundary animal disease outbreaks can be attributed to increasing globalization due to better sea, land and air transport of people, animals and goods; normadism, transhumance and movement of refugees and their animals away from wars and civil disturbances. Outbreaks are also attributed to changes in livestock production systems due to intensification and commercialization of livestock farming leading to the spread of livestock farming into new ecosystems such as tropical rain forests placing human communities and their farm animals into close contact with a completely new range of infectious diseases which may have previously only circulated in wild life reservoirs and may be completely unknown. Global warming and the decline in government veterinary services and other infrastructures are also factors that contribute to the increased outbreaks of transboundary animal diseases (Chris et al 1999).
According to World Health Organization (WHO) 2014, the Ebola virus outbreak was first recorded in Zaire (The Democratic Republic of Congo of Central Africa) in the year 1976. Outbreaks of Ebola virus disease with the exception of the Reston Ebola virus have mainly been restricted to Africa and its recent outbreak is classified as the largest ever in nearly four decades of history of the disease in terms of numbers of cases and deaths. The virus is highly virulent and contagious often consuming the population but government and individuals' quick response to quarantine areas may help to contain an outbreak (WHO, 2014).
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review
2.1 Introduction
This chapter focuses on the review of related literature. A literature review includes the current knowledge as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topic. It documents the state of the art with respect to the topic you are writing. It surveys the literature in the topic selected. In this research work the literature review includes the …
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Transmission of Ebola Virus on Animal and Humans
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Proposal Writing Format under Animal Science
Transmission of Ebola Virus on Animal and Humans is a proposal topic for final year research work, which comprises the major and elective project proposal writing sections for Transmission of Ebola Virus on Animal and Humans research work.
Major Sections
Motivation for Embarking on the Project
Brief Background of Study
Statement of Problems
Aim of the Study
Specific Objectives of the Study
Significance of the Study (Who benefits from the project and how?)
Elective Sections
Relevant Research Questions
Relevant Research Hypotheses
Defense Procedure for Animal Science Researchers
Know your Project / Seminar Work (Transmission of Ebola Virus on Animal and Humans): Here are the key point to study if your work is cumbersome or not.
- Abstract
CHAPTER ONE
- Motivation / Statement of Problems
- Aims & Objective of Study
- Scope of Study
- Significance of Study
CHAPTER TWO
- State two or more citation from your review of related literature.
CHAPTER THREE
- Know the methodologies, tools and techniques used.
CHAPTER FOUR
- Justification of your work and things to adhered to before using the system or research work.
CHAPTER FIVE
- Conclusion and Recommendation
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External Examiner / Supervisor Questioning & Student Answering: Questions will come from the research work, any difficult or unknown question, kindly say "Sorry Sir/Madam, the question is not within my scope of study".