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Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Standard Precautions Among Health Care WorkersProject / Seminar Material Reference ID: PS-213-TM |
This research work titled "Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Standard Precautions Among Health Care Workers" is dedicated to God for his enabling grace and to all computer enthusiasts who help to make life a pleasant experience.
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I owe my indebtedness to my Supervisor (Name of your Supervisor), the Head of Department (Name of your HOD), the Lecturers in the department of Applied Science, Book Authors and Profound Scholars of existing/related research work for your moral support that facilitated the successful completion of my (Tertiary Institution level). I am grateful to God Almighty and my parent for their financial support in my career. I really appreciate you all for everything, Thank you very much.
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This chapter reviews in brief, Health Care Associated Infections (HAI), elements required for transmission of infectious agent within a health care setting (chain of infection, sources of infection, susceptible host, mode of transmission, portal of entry and portal of exit), HAI among health-care workers, Universal Precautions (UP), Body Substances Isolation (BSI) and Standard Precautions (SP).
As a prelude to other parts of this study, this chapter will discuss the background upon which this study was initiated, the statement of problems that led to this study, the Aim and Objectives of the study. Others are Significance of the study, Scope of work, Limitation of the study, Research Questions and Hypothesis and Definition of technical terms.
Health-care associated infection (HAI), also referred to as nosocomial infection and hospital acquired infection, is defined by Center of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as an “infection caused by a wide variety of common and unusual bacteria, fungi, and viruses during the course of receiving medical care”(CDC, 2012). It either occurs while patients receive care or may develop after discharge. It also involves occupation infection among staff. HAI can also be defined as an “infection occurring in patients during the process of care in a hospital or health care facility which was not present or incubating at the time of admission.
This includes infection acquired in the hospital, but appearing after discharge and also occupational infections among staff or facility” (WHO, 2012).HAI is considered an important public health problem (WHO, 2012). Globally, hundreds of millions of patients are infected by HAI every year in both developed and developing countries. According to WHO, its prevalence in developed countries varied between 3.5% and 12%, while in developing countries it varied between 5.7% and 19.1% (WHO, 2012). The highest occurrences of HAI were in acute surgical, orthopedic wards and Intensive Care Unit (WHO, 2002). The prevalence rate of ICU-acquired infection in high-income countries was 30%, while in middle and low-income countries, it was at least 2-3 times higher than that in high-income countries(WHO, 2009; WHO, 2012).
The consequences of HAI at patients' level imply more suffering, more complications, more treatments, and increase in hospitalization periods. For example, in Europe duration of hospitalization increased to nearly 16 million extra days (WHO, 2012).This is in itself considered a risk factor for acquiring HAI, and it means an increase in costs (WHO, 2012). In addition, it increases economic burden on the health care systems of countries. For example, in England, the annual financial costs topped 1.3 billion euro's, while in the United States of America, the costs amounted to approximately 3.5 billion euro's and 7 billion euro's in Europe (WHO, 2012; WHO, 2012; Agozzino et al., 2012).
Investigation reveals the following problems of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Standard Precautions among Health Care Workers research work;
Nurses get in contact with patients on a daily basis, so they are exposed to sharp injuries and many types of infections due to the nature of their occupation. It is important to follow standard precautions to reduce transmission of infections. In Palestine, despite of the availability of protocol for infection control in hospitals, it is applicable in varied degree from hospital to hospital. In addition, after reviewing documents from Palestinian Health Information Centre in MOH, it doesn't have any statistics regarding nurses' knowledge and practice of SP measures and those related to SI among health care workers. In addition, it doesn't have any statistics regarding health care workers who have SI or who acquired infection during work. As an expected outcome, this study will identify the importance of nurses' knowledge about SP measures and those related to SI. Also it will highlight the size of problem of stick injuries among workers during work.
The aim of the study is to assess health care worker' knowledge and compliance with standard precaution measures and those related to sharp injuries and their compliance with those related standard precautions. In achieving this aim, the specific objectives were set out as follows;
The following are the questions of the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Standard Precautions among Health Care Workers research work;
The following are the hypothesis of the research work;
Hypothesis One
H0: The health care workers don't have a good level of knowledge about SP and those related to SI
H1: The health care workers do have a good level of knowledge about SP and those related to SI
Hypothesis Two
H0: There is no difference in mean of knowledge of SP measures and different educational level of health care workers.
H1: There is a difference in mean of knowledge of SP measures and different educational level of health care workers.
Hypothesis Three
H0: There is no difference in mean of practice of SP measures and different educational level of health care worker in dental clinic.
H1: There is a difference in mean of practice of SP measures and different educational level of health care worker in dental clinic.
Hypothesis Four
H0: There is no difference in mean of practice of SP measures related to SI and different educational level of health worker in dental clinic.
H0: There is a difference in mean of knowledge of SP measures related to SI and different educational level of health worker.
The study focuses on Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Standard Precautions among Health Care Workers in Dental Clinic in federal teaching hospital, Edo-Ekiti.
During the course of this study, many things militated against its completion, some of which are:
This research, the first of its kind to be done in governmental hospitals in West Bank, to assesses knowledge and practice of SP measures and those related to SI among health care workers. Globally, many studies have been conducted about knowledge and practice of SP measures and those related to sharp injuries. Safety of Nurses and patients is considered an important issue in controlling and limiting the transmission of infectious disease between health care providers and patients. Following such standard precautions, which are easy and simple, would reduce the transmission of many types of contagious disease, thus reducing the economic burden of treating these diseases.
This study also calculated SI and NSI among participants. It is important to know prevalence of SI and NSI because needle sticks and sharps injuries represent a significant hazard in professional health care providers and exposure to blood and body fluid has been considered as part of nurses' job. It is expected that this study will play an important role in highlighting the importance of knowledge and compliance with SP among health care workers during daily work. It is also expected to highlight the size of the problem of SI and NSI.
Besides, the study will serve as reference material for subsequent researcher in the field or related topics.
Solutions of this problem include the following (WHO, 2012):
This chapter focuses on the review of related literature. A literature review includes the current knowledge as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topic. It documents the state of the art with respect to the topic you are writing. It surveys the literature in the topic selected. In this research work the literature review includes the …
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Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Standard Precautions Among Health Care Workers is a proposal topic for final year research work, which comprises the major and elective project proposal writing sections for Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Standard Precautions Among Health Care Workers research work.
Motivation for Embarking on the Project
Brief Background of Study
Statement of Problems
Aim of the Study
Specific Objectives of the Study
Significance of the Study (Who benefits from the project and how?)
Relevant Research Questions
Relevant Research Hypotheses
Know your Project / Seminar Work (Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Standard Precautions Among Health Care Workers): Here are the key point to study if your work is cumbersome or not.
CHAPTER ONE
CHAPTER TWO
CHAPTER THREE
CHAPTER FOUR
CHAPTER FIVE
Dress Code: Your dress code should be cooperate wear for example; putting on suit and tie during project defense gives you an automatic mark without a word.
External Examiner / Supervisor Questioning & Student Answering: Questions will come from the research work, any difficult or unknown question, kindly say "Sorry Sir/Madam, the question is not within my scope of study".